Cognitive Development Flashcards
1
Q
What is cognition?
A
- knowledge
- reasoning
- problem-solving
- development of all of above
2
Q
what are the major theories/frameworks in cognitive development
A
- Piaget
- Information-processing
- core knowledge
- sociocultural/vygotsky
- dynamic systems
3
Q
Piaget
A
- detailed observations, simply but clever tasks
- legacy
4
Q
Piaget: how children learn
A
- the active child
- own activity
- constructivism = idea that children construct their own knowledge through experience
- hypothesis testing
- motivation
5
Q
Sensorimotor Stage
A
- 0-2 years
- infant = blank slate
- aside: nature and nuture
- for the first 8 months = only sensory and motor abilities -> no enduring representations/mental representations -> “fail” object permenence task
6
Q
Sensorimotor Stage
when does object permenance arive
A
- at 8 months
- but representations are “fragile” and tied to physical experience (egocentric)
7
Q
Sensorimotor Stage
A-not-B task/A-not-B-error
A
- take the same object and hide it under the first object under the first cloth (place A)
- repeat this 2 or 3 times
- switch it and place under second cloth B
8
Q
Sensorimotor Stage
At 12 months
A
disappearance of AB search error (i.e., success on A-not-B task)
9
Q
Sensorimotor Stage
By 24 months
A
- mental representations
- deferred imitation
10
Q
Preoperational stage
A
- 2-7 years
- major accomplishment: symbols
- language = after age 2 language flourishes
- drawing/art
- from process to product to conventional representations
- pretend play = from object substitution to sociodramatic play
11
Q
Preoperational Stage
Limitations
A
- egocentrism
- three mountains task: what does the doll see?
- centration/absence of conservation
12
Q
Preoperational Stage
three mountain task
A
- have a series of pictures
- ask what they see
- then mix up pics and ask what doll would see
- younger preoperational (3-4 yr old) children choose their own view
- older preoperational children may choose another view, but not likely to get it right
13
Q
Preoperational Stage
Centration/absence of conservation
A
- focus on one feature/inability to incorportate multiple features
- conservation of liquid
- number version of conservation of liquid task
14
Q
Concrete Operational Stage
A
- 7-12 years
- logical reasoning about concrete features of the world
- operations/transformations
- conservation = “if you pour it back, its the same amount”; “it’s shorter but its also wider”
15
Q
Concrete Operational
Limitations
A
- reasoning limited to concrete (observable) and specific situations
- reasoning about counterfactural hypotheticals
- do not approach problems systematically (pendulum problem)
