Cognitive Development Flashcards
At birth what can infants do?
Everything Hear Smell Taste Touch See
What can preferential looking test?
An infants visual acuity
Do infants prefer to look at more complex or simple patterns?
Complex
What are the visual limitations in months 0-3?
Poor contrast sensitivity
Poor colour vision
Poor scanning and tracking
What are some of the reflexes that disappear early in life?
Hand grasp - birth to 4 months
Rooting - birth to 5 months
Sucking - birth to 6 months
Stepping - birth to 3 months
what is the empiricist (john Locke) view on?
Nurture - Tabula Rase (blank slate) emphasis on strict early parenting
What is the Rousseau view on?
Emphasis on nature. Children learn through interactions
What is piagets constructivist theory?
The child is motivated to learn by nature and learns on their own by nuture
What is a scheme?
The conclusions children come up with become patterns known as schemes
What is Assimilation?
translating new information into a form the child already understands e.g. fitting truck into vehicle
What is accommodation?
the existing schema is changed as a result of new information e.g not all vehicles have four wheels
What is the sensorimotor stage?
0-2 years
fine tune their reflexes and learn how to interact with objects
What is object permanence?
That an object exists even when you can’t see it. Doesn’t start to develop until 8months. Firm understanding at 2 years
What is the preoperational stage?
2-7 years
Enhanced ability to mentally represent objects
Preschoolers are egocentric and fooled by perceptions
What is centration?
The reason preschoolers fail conservation tasks.
Focusing on one dimension of the problem. Eg only focusing on height not height and width
What is the concrete operations stage?
7-11 years
Can solve all kinds of conservation tasks (filling glasses with same volume of water etc)
What is the formal operations stage?
11 years onwards
Emergence of hypothetical deductive reasoning.
Hypothetical and abstract thinking.
see the inequities in life
solve problems mentally
What are foundational theories?
Questions piagets claim that change happens similarly over all domains
What is the sociocultural perspective?
Vygotsky
Cognitive development occurs through interpersonal contact. Children are social beings who are shaped by their cultural contexts.
According to Vygotsky how do children learn?
Guided participation and social scaffolding. Children internalize knowledge from the social context which drive cognitive development
Does every adult pass Piagets formal operations task?
No
What intelligence decilnes with age?
Fluid intelligence (speed/thougherness) ~70years
What model do older adults abide by?
Selective. Optimisation. Compensation
