Cognitive Assumptions Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the cognitive approach believe?

A

The human mind works like a computer, and behaviour is the result of internal mental processes

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1
Q

What is the first assumption of the cognitive approach?

A

Internal Mental Processes

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2
Q

What does this assumption believe that humans are?

A

Information processors

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3
Q

What are some examples of internal mental processes?

A

Perception, Attention, Memory, Language, Imagination and Emotion

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4
Q

What is the internal mental process of naming an animal?

A

‣ Perception - We notice the animal
‣ Attention - We pay attention to the animal
‣ Memory - We search our memory store to see if there is a ‘match’ with something we have already seen
‣ Language - We use our knowledge of language to name the animal

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5
Q

What is the second assumption of the cognitive approach?

A

Schemas

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6
Q

What is a schema?

A

Acts like a ‘mental shortcut’ and like an organisation packs of information that are stored in our memory

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7
Q

How are schemas built up?

A

Individual experiences and interactions with the world around us

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8
Q

What is ‘The War of Ghosts’ (1938)?

A

A Native American folk tale

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9
Q

How does ‘The War of Ghosts’ by Bartlett demonstrates schemas?

A

Bartlett asked 20 college students to read the story, and attempt to recall it soon after.
He found that students recalled a distorted version of the story due to their schemas ‘filling in’ the gaps of knowledge / memory.

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10
Q

What is the third assumption of the cognitive approach?

A

Computer Analogy

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11
Q

What does this assumption compare the human internal processes to?

A

A computer and its uses of hardware and software

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12
Q

What is ‘input’ in computers compared to in humans?

A

Taking in information

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13
Q

What is ‘process’ in computers compared to in humans?

A

Changing / storing information

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14
Q

What is ‘output’ in computers compared to in humans?

A

Recalling information

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15
Q

What does the Multistore Memory Model consist of?

A

‣ Sensory memory
‣ Short - term memory
‣ Long - term memory

16
Q

What is encoding?

A

Converting information into a particular form

17
Q

What is the encoding, duration and capacity of sensory memory?

A

Encoding : Visual
Duration : 1/4 to 1/2 a second
Capacity : Very large

18
Q

What is the encoding, duration and capacity of short - term memory?

A

Encoding : Acoustic (sounds / words)
Duration : 0 - 18 seconds
Capacity : + or - 7 things

19
Q

What is the encoding, duration and capacity of long - term memory?

A

Encoding : Semantic (sensory)
Duration : Lifetime
Capacity : Unlimited