cognitive assumption

Question 1

describe ‘ internal mental processes’ assumption

Answer 1

def ; humans are seen as information processors where essential cognitive processes all work together to enable us to make sense of and respond to the world around us .
Exp ; studied cognitive process include attention , we focus on to an object , memory - we search thought in memory store to see if there is a ‘match’ with something we have already seen or experience , perception - outcome of what we understand the object to be , language - we are able to use knowledge of language to name it .
Exa ; A- see a fury animal on the floor , M- remember is a dog P- perceive that is a dog L- i say that is a dog.

Question 2

explain the cognitive assumption ‘schemas’

Answer 2

define ;Schema are knowledge packets of information or concept maps within our minds.​

Explain​

Schema hold related information together and expand when we experience something new. We are born with the most basic schema. Schema also help us to predict the world around us and respond appropriately in new situations as we use our previous experience stored in our schema to help us navigate new territory. ​

Example​

Allport and Postman conducted a study that shows how schema can reinforce stereotypes and even influence our memories. The study conducted in the 40’s involved showing P’s a picture of a drawing of a white man threatening a black man with some form of weapon. After some time had passed, they asked the P’s recall what they had seen in the picture. The majority of P’s stated that it was the black man that was threatening the white man. This shows how the P’s schema had been influenced by the discriminatory and racial views that were prevalent at the time

Question 3

explain cognitive assumption of the computer analogy

Answer 3

def; cognitive psychologist compare humans mind to a computer.
ex; it compares how we take information (input) store it or change it (cognitive processes - perception , memory and attention) and then recall it when necessary (output) .
our mind is like a software of a computer and our processers is like a software of an computer.
Exa ; multi- store model
the first store is sensory memory . if you pay attention to the input , then information move to short - term memory ( second store). rehearsing this information will result in the information moving along to long-term memory (third store) .
so sensory memory works as an input , paying attention and rehearsal are forms of processing and retrieval is an example of output.