Cognitive area (Areas)

Question 1

Defining principles of the area

Answer 1

Suggests that the mind works like a computer processor- inputting, storing and retrieving information.

Investigates the way that internal mental processes (perception, attention, language, memory, etc.) can influence our behaviour.

Question 2

Concepts within the area

Answer 2

Schemas
Reconstructive memory
Context-dependent memory
Cocktail party effect

Question 3

Which studies are in the area and why

Answer 3

Loftus and Palmer study falls within the cognitive area because it is investigating the cognitive process of memory. Specifically, it aimed to investigate the reconstructive nature of memory, showing that information introduced after an event in the form of leading questions would have an effect on the eye witness’ memory of the event.

Moray’s study falls within the cognitive area because it is investigating the cognitive process of attention. Specifically it aimed to investigate selective attention by trying to find out whether (and what types of) ‘unattended’ material could break through the attentional barrier that is set up when a person focuses their listening on a specific task.

Question 4

Strengths of this approach

Answer 4

Has practical applications (e.g. for parents or teachers)

Can help resolve questions within the nature- nurture debate

Question 5

Weaknesses of this approach

Answer 5

Practical difficulties of doing research with developmental area (children) (e.g. they can’t fill in questionnaires)

Can be socially sensitive (e.g. if seen as implying bad parenting)

Can be ethnocentric (as different cultures may have different parenting styles, family structures, etc.)