Cognitive Approach Flashcards
Multistore Memory Model
Peterson and Peterson (1959)
Aim: To investigate the duration of STM when rehearsal is prevented.
Procedure: Participants were presented with trigrams (e.g., “MPT”) and asked to count backward in threes from a random number for 0, 6, 12, or 18 seconds to prevent rehearsal.
Results: Recall accuracy decreased as the time delay increased, with nearly no recall after 18 seconds.
Conclusion: STM has a limited duration unless rehearsal occurs.
Working Memory Model
Robbins et al. 1996
Aim: To investigate the effects of interference on working memory tasks.
Procedure: Male chess players were asked to recreate a chess board configuration after a 10 second viewing, while simultaneously performing a distracting task, that interfered with either their visuospatial sketchpad (typing on a hidden keypad) or phonological loop (repeating “the”).
Results: The reduction of accuracy in recall of chess positions was much greater during the visuospatial interference task than during the verbal interference.
Conclusion: The fact that visuospatial interference significantly impaired the performance on a visuospatial task (remembering the chess board) much more than the auditory interference, supports the existence of separate slave systems that process different information during working memory tasks.
