Cognitive Approach Flashcards
what is the cognitive approach?
our brain processes information
what are the 3 memory stored?
- sensory
- short term
- long term
what are the 3 memory stores in the sensory memory?
- echoic
- iconic
- haptic
what is echoic memory?
auditory input from the ears
what is iconic memory?
visual info from the eyes
whay is haptic memory?
tactile input from the body
what is the duration of the sensory memory?
2-4 seconds
what is the capacity of the sensory memory?
very high
what is the coding in the sensory memory?
very little processing
what is the duration of the short term memory?
up to 20 seconds
what is the capacity of the short term memory?
5-9 items
what is the coding of the short term memory?
acoustic
what is the duration of the long term memory?
up to a lifetime
what is the capacity of the long term memory?
potentially unlimited
wht is the coding of the long term memory?
semantic
what is free recall?
recall a piece of information from a memory store without any assistance
what is cued recall?
recall something if we get assistance from a cue/hint
what is a meaningful cue?
cues that are meaningfully linked to the material. eg mnemonics
what is a non-meaningful cue?
cues that are indirectly linked by being encoded at the time of learning. eg emotions
what is recognition?
a form of memory retrieval where you identify something based on previous experiences
what is reconstructive memory?
fragments of information are stroed in memory & when we recall something; we reconstruct the fragments into a whole
what is a schema?
organised packages of ideas & information developed through experience
what is shortening?
information that doesnt fit our schema gets left out of our recall
what is rationalisation?
information is distorted to make more sense and fit your schema
what is confabulation?
information that has been added to the story to fill in the gaps and be more meaningful
what is cognitive priming?
when a stimulus affects your response to a later stimulus
what is repetition priming?
when you encounter the prime, you process it more quickly when you see or hear it again
what is semantic priming?
when 2 stimuli mean the same thing or have similar features
what is associative priming?
when the prime and later stimulus are related but not semantically
what is a cognitive script?
contains knowledge of how a situation will play out
what is person perception?
when we meet someone new, we do not percieve them as an individual person with their own unique traits
what is cognitive bias?
error we make in thinking when processing information
what is a Fundimental Attribution Error (FAE)?
when explaining the reasons for ther peoples behaviour, we focus on personal characteristics & overlook the role of the sitution
what is a Hostile Attribution Bias (HAB)?
a tendancy to assume a persons behaviour was aggressive when it was actually neutral
what is a confirmation bias?
pay more attention to information that supports our existing beliefs
