Cognitive approach Flashcards
what is the capacity for the sensory register?
very high
what is the encoding for the sensory register?
depends on the senses
what is the duration for the sensory register?
very limited
what is the capacity for short term memory?
limited
what is the encoding for short term memory?
mainly based on sound
what is the duration for short term memory?
lasts up to 30 seconds
what is the capacity for long term memory?
practically unlimited
what is the encoding for long term memory?
semantic
what is the duration for long term memory?
can last up to a lifetime if rehearsed
what is free recall?
when we retrieve information from memory without any assistance
what is a cued recall?
when we remember something with assistance of a cue
what is recognition?
when we remember something because we’ve encountered it before
what is a schema?
a mental structure containing our stored knowledge of an aspect of the world
what is shortening?
when parts of our memory doesn’t fit in your schema so it’s left out
what is reconstructive memory
when we reconstruct memories using fragments from the original event
what is rationalisation?
when parts of our memory are recalled but in a distorted way that fits our schema
what is confabulation?
when parts of a memory are inverted to fill gaps
what is cognitive priming?
when you see or hear a stimulus that affects your response to a later stimulus
what is repetition priming?
when you encounter the prime you process it more quickly when you see or hear it again
what is semantic priming?
you process faster because it’s related to a meaning
what is associative priming?
the prime and later stimulus are related but not semantically
what is a cognitive script?
used to describe what you have learnt and how to behave in certain situations
what is a memory script?
contains knowledge of how a social situation plays out
what is person perception?
when you meet someone and immediately make assumptions based on what you see
what is a cognitive bias?
when there are errors in how we process information
what is fundamental attribution error?
trying to explain someone’s behaviour
what is confirmation bias?
when we favour information that supports a belief we already had
what is hostile attribution bias?
when we wrongly interpret other peoples behaviour as threatening when it’s actually neutral
