Cognitive approach Flashcards
What does the cognitive approach argue?
That internal mental processes can, and should be, studied scientifically
Definition of inferences
Process whereby psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate on the basis of observed behaviour
Definition of schema
Mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing
How are schemas developed?
Through experience
What happens to our schemas as we get older?
They become more detailed and sophisticated
What do schemas allow us to do?
To process lots of information quickly and prevent us from getting overwhelmed by environmental stimuli
What is a problem with schemas?
May distort our interpretations of sensory information
Definition of cognitive neuroscience
Scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes
What do psychologists use to help them understand internal mental processes?
Theoretical and computer models
What is a theoretical model?
Abstract representation of steps involved in internal mental processes
What is a computer model?
Software simulations of internal mental processes created in collaboration with computer scientists
What do fMRI’s and PET scans allow scientists to do?
Help to systematically observe and describe the neurological basis of mental processes
Why are scanning techniques useful?
Help to establish the neurological basis of some mental disorders
What is one strength of the cognitive approach?
Scientific methods:
- Researchers can infer cognitive processes
- Use lab studies to produce reliable data
What is one strength of the cognitive approach?
Real-world application:
- Principles can be applied to the treatment of depression
- Improved the reliability of eyewitness testimony
