cognitive and secondary mental disorders Flashcards
How can EEG be helpful in evaluation of delirium?
Most delirium shows generalized slower
Alcohol withdrawal delirium shows characteristic fast wave pattern
EEG may be helpful for atonic status epilepticus
What are common psychiatric comorbidities in pts with dementia?
personality change, mood disturbance, psychosis, sleep problems
What are the etiological factors associated with alzheimer’s disease?
beta-amyloid in extraneuronal spaces; destabilzation of tau protein in intraneuronal spaces
What is seen in frontotemporal dementia on the molecular level?
spherical intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. If Pick’s variant, pt will have hyperphosphorylated tau proteins
Definition of MDD
2 week or longer period of symptoms present most of the day nearly every day. MUST inlcude anhedonia or depressed mood, PLUS some additional sx (sleep, interest, guilt, energy, concentration, appetite, psychomotor issues), for total of 5
Definition of MDD
2 week or longer period of symptoms present most of the day nearly every day. MUST inlcude anhedonia or depressed mood, PLUS some additional sx (sleep, interest, guilt, energy, concentration, appetite, psychomotor issues), for total of 5
How are manic episodes defined?
period of at least one week (or any duration if sx severe enough to require hospitalization) of eurphoric, expansive, or irritable mood, PLUS 3 of the following additional sx (4 if mood is only irritable):
1. distractability
2. decr. need for sleep (not insommnia)
3. grandiosity
4. flight of ideas or racing thoughts
5. psychomotor agitation or incr. in goal-directed activity
6. excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
7. pressured speech
(DIGFAST: distractable, insomnia, grandiosity, flight of ideas, activity/agitation, sex/spending, talkative)
What is a mixed episode?
combo of criteria for both manic and major depressive epsidoe (both are for at least 1 wk)
What is a mixed episode?
combo of criteria for both manic and major depressive epsidoe (both are for at least 1 wk)
What are the criteria for dysthymic disorder?
chronic disorder lasting at least 2 yrs in which 3-4 sx of major depressive disorder occur
How do depressive episodes in pts with bipolar most often present?
-similar to episodes in unipolar depression, but more hypersomnia, hyperphagia, weight gain. More likely to have psychotic features. more likely to require pharmacologic management
bipolar 1 disorder
at least one manic episode and one depressive episode. may also have periods of hypomania and/or mixed episodes. Episodes typically recurrent, but pts return to baseline functional status between episodes in most pts.
bipolar 2 disorder
at least one hypomanic episode and depressive episodes.
timeframe of adjustment disorder with depressed mood and bereavement
bereavement- less than 2 mo duration, generally
adjustment disorder- onset within 3 mo, duration usually 6 months or fewer
which therapy types have demonstrated effectiveness in depression?
good for mild-moderate
effective: cognitive, interpersonal, and problem-solving
