Cognitive and Humanistic (Final Test) Flashcards
Cognitive Psychology
Acting and behaving because we THINK
Personality
Individuals characteristics of feeling, thinking, and acting
Long lasting behavior
Cognitive Psychology Key People
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
Lawrence Kohlberg
Piaget’s Theory
4 stages of development
Children take an active role in learning
Sensorimotor Stage
0-2 years old
- Sensory and motor development
- Object Permanence
Pre-operational Stage
2-7 years old
-Animism: Inanimate objects have feelings
-Egocentrism: only understand their perspective
Concrete Operational Stage
7-11 Years old
-Reversibility: Awareness that actions can be reversed
-Conservation: Understanding that something in different shape is still the same
Formal Operational Stage
11 - Adulthood
-Deductive Reasoning: Ability to use general principles to determine an outcome
-Problem Solving
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Observation and Imitation creates Behavior
Cognitive/Personal Factors
Beliefs, values, expectations social roles, along with biological and genetic influences
Behaviors
Personal Actions
Environmental Factors
Socializing
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
A theory expanded on Jean Piaget’s that has 6 stages of moral development
Moral Development
Knowing what is right and wrong
Avoiding Punishment
Stage 1:
Children’s behavior and decisions are based on things that do not punish them
Obtaining Rewards
Stage 2:
Children’s decisions are based on things that reward them
Pleasing Others/Avoiding Dissaproval
Stage 3:
Children do things that will make others happy and not disapprove others.
Respect Authority
Children act acceptable to society; following rules or laws
Responding to the Rights of others
Children act to not infringe other’s rights
Personal Principles
Children make their own decisions based on their own beliefs
Humanistic Psychology
People are not driven by instinct or environment
We are active and are able to make choices
Self-actualization
Reaching the full potential as unique human beings
Humanistic Psychology Key People
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Maslow’s Hiearchy of Needs
Layers of needs that need to be met
Physiological Needs
Natural needs
breathing, food, water, etc.
Safety Needs
Security in oneself for
Job, steady income, Emotional and Physical Attacks
Love and Belonging Needs
Inclusion: Part of a group (friends)
Affection: Love and to be loved
Control: Influence over others
Esteem Needs
Respect from others through awards, honors or status
Self-Actualization Needs
Doing good for the world:
-Stop cruelty, exploitation
-Encourage talent in others
-Good human being
-Do work one considers good
-Take on responsibility
-Prefer intrinsic satisfaction
-Seek truth
-Unselfish love
-Be just
