Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of what structure and shape of the body, parts, and their relationship to one another
Physiology
Study of how the human body works
How is the human body formed
Chemicals > cells > tissues > organs > organ systems > body
Homeostasis
Body maintains stable, internal conditions no matter what changes are happening outside the body
Directional terms
Describes where one body part is in relation to another
Distal
Further from trunk
Proximal
Closer to trunk
Lateral
Away from midline
Medial
Closer from midline
Anterior/Ventral
Front side
Posterior/Dorsal
Back side
Superior
Closer to head
Inferior
Farther from head
Superficial
Shallow; closer to the surface
Deep
Farther from surface
Plantar
Bottom of foot
Dorsal
Top of foot
Anatomical position
Facing forward, palms face forward
Midsagittal/Median Plane
Divides left and right of the body vertically
Frontal/CoronalPlane
Divides front and back of the body vertically
Transverse plane
Divides the body horizontally at the hip
Movement
All activity promoted by the muscular system
Responsiveness
Ability to react to changes (senses)
Digestion
Process of breaking down ingested food to simple molecules
Metabolism
Refers to all chemical reactions that occur in the body
Excretion
Process of removing excreta or waste
Reproduction
Production of offspring, can occur on cellular or organismal level
Growth
An increase in size, normally done by an increase in cells
Nutrients
Taken in via diet, contains chemicals used for energy and cell-building
Oxygen
Let chemical; all other nutrients and useless without it
Respiratory System
Network of tissues and organs to help breathe. Contains the lungs and blood vessels
Skeletal system
Allows movement of body, gives body shape, creates blood cells, stores minerals, and provides protection for organs. Contains tendons, ligaments, and spine
Muscular system
Consists of skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscles, allows the movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulated blood around the body. Contains Heart, digestive organs, blood vessels
Nervous system
Command center of the body, it controls your movements and thoughts through the brain
Endocrine system
Made up of different hormones, regulates all biological process from birth through adulthood. Causes the growth of the brain, nervous, and reproductive system. Contains the Thyroid, Pituiary Gland, Pancreas, and Hypothaimus
Cardiovascular system
Pumps blood throughout body, kills bacteria and viruses. Contains Heart, Spleen, Arteries, Veins
Lymphatic system
Maintains fluid levels in our body tied duds by removing all fluids that leak out of blood vessels. Contains Lymph node, Thymus, Lymphatic Vessel, Spleen, Tonsils
Integumentary system
The skin. Maintains body temperature, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and stimuli detection. It also served as a barrier for vital organs.
Reproductive system
Produces offspring, nurtures and births offspring.
Male: Testes, Penis, Scrotum
Female: vagina, uterus, ovaries, vaginal canal, fallopian tubes
Digestive system
Takes in nutrients, consumes energy, then disposes of leftovers with waste
Urinary system
Removes water, filters blood. Contains bladder, kidneys, renal pelvis, ureter, urethra
Abdomen
Split into 4 Quadrants and 9 Regions
Right Upper Quadrant
Liver, Stomach, Gallbladder, Duodenum, small intestine, Right Kidney, Pancreas, Transverse Colon, Right Adrenal gland
Left upper Quadrant
Liver, Left adrenal gland, stomach, left kidney, pancreas, spleen, transverse colon, small intestine
Right Lower Quadrant
Large intestine, cecum, appendix, right ureter.
Left lower quadrant
Small intestine, large intestine, left ureter, sigmoid colon
Right & Left Regions
Hypochondriac, Lumbar, Iliac
Middle Regions
Midclavicular Planes, Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric
Hypochondriac meaning
Hypo: Below, under
Chondriac: cartilage of ribs
Gastric meaning
Stomach
