Cognitive Flashcards
What are the 4 components of Baddeley’s working memory model?
Phonological loop, visual spatial sketch pad, episodic buffer and central executive.
Working memory has (limited/unlimited) capacity.
Limited.
What does the phonological loop do?
Holds speech-based information and is where subvocal rehearsal takes place.
What is the real name for the ‘inner voice’ of the phonological loop?
Articulatory control system.
What is the real name for the ‘inner ear’ of the phonological loop?
Phonological store.
Describe the word - length effect on working memory.
Our memory span is longer for words that take a shorter time to say.
Define the central executive.
Processes that organise and co-ordinate the functioning of her cognitive system to fulfill current goals.
Which part of the brain is most involved in central executive functioning?
The prefrontal cortex.
What is the central executive framework proposed by Miyake et al. (2000)?
Inhibition, shifting and updating.
What arises when the frontal lobes are damaged and central executive functioning is impaired?
Dysexecutive syndrome.
What is the central executive framework proposed by Stuss and Alexander (2007)?
Task setting, monitoring and energisation.
From where does the episodic buffer integrate information?
The phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad and long-term memory.
Which brain area is very important to the episodic buffer?
(Left) hippocampus.
Briefly state 3 main differences between episodic and autobiographical memory.
Personal significance factor, timeline and database.
What is infantile amnesia?
The absence of memories from the first 3 years of life.
What chases infantile amnesia?
Lack of hippocampal development and density of synapses in the prefrontal cortex.
Give 2 (non-physical) factors that influence the development of autobiographical memory.
Concept of the self and social factors.
What is the name for the ability to recall information about almost everyday of ones life over a long time period?
Hyperthymestic syndrome.
Describe flashbulb memories.
Autobiographical memories for important, dramatic and unique public events.
Describe the working self in autobiographical memory.
The self, what the self becomes in the future and the individual’s current goals.
(Generative/Direct) retrieval of autobiographical memories requires more effort.
Generative.
What is imagery?
A form of representation that is similar to one in early stages of perception but based on information drawn from memory.
What is Bonnet Syndrome?
A condition where recurrent and detailed hallucinations occur alongside an eye disease.
What is perceptual anticipation theory?
The theory that visual images are depict is representations, organised spatially in the same way as information that is perceived (and rely on the same visual buffer, according to Kosslyn).