Cognitive Flashcards
Assumption 1
Behaviour is the result of a mental process
Assumption 2
The brain can be compared to a computer
Sensory memory
The high capacity memory store for the 5 senses
Short term memory
Limited capacity memory store, with visual and acoustic encoding
Long term memory
Permanent memory store with unlimited capacity with semantic encoding
Recall
The recovery of memories without assistance
Cue
A trigger that allows us to access a whole memory
Recognition
Where you identify a memory based on a previous experience
Reconstructive memory
When pieces of stored info is reassembled during recall
Schema
Beliefs that influence memory
Shortening
When you remember only part of a memory
Confabulation
When details are added to a memory to fill the gaps
Rationalisation
When parts of our memory are distorted to fit schema
Cognitive priming
Mental process on which a stimulus subconsciously triggers a cognitive reaction
Associative priming
Processing a stimulus quicker when we see or hear a related stimulus
Repetition priming
Processing a stimulus quicker because we encountered it earlier
Semantic priming
Processing a stimulus quicker because we encounter a stimulus related to it in meaning
Cognitive scripts
Knowledge stored in our memory to tell us what to expect and how to behave
Memory scripts
Knowledge of behaviours stored in memory tell us what to expect in a social situation
Person perception
Info stored in memory about which personality characteristics often go together which guide impressions
Cognitive biases
Distorted schemas that we create from reality, which affect our attention, memory and decision making
Confirmation bias
Pay more attention to info that supports our existing beliefs
Fundamental attribution error
Explaining the reasons for other people’s behaviour by focusing on characteristics
Hostile attribution bias
Tendency to assume that someone else’s behaviour has an aggressive motive when it is neutral
