Cognition - Information Processing Model

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Human capacity to register, retain, and remember information.

Question 2

Information processing model

Answer 2

Encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Question 3

Encoding

Answer 3

Process of putting information into the memory system.

Question 4

Storage

Answer 4

Retention of encoded information over time.

Question 5

Retrieval

Answer 5

Process of getting information out of memory storage.

Question 6

Levels of processing theory or semantic network theory

Answer 6

Ability to form memories depends upon the depth of processing.

Question 7

Shallow processing

Answer 7

Structural encoding emphasizes structure of incoming sensory information.

Question 8

Deep processing

Answer 8

Involves forming an association or attaching meaning to a sensory impression and results in longer-lasting memories.

Question 9

Self-reference effect or self-referent encoding

Answer 9

Involves forming an association or attaching important/relevant more deeply, making it easier to recall.

Question 10

Sensory memory

Answer 10

Holds external events from the senses up to a few seconds.

Question 11

Visual encoding

Answer 11

Encoding of picture images.

Question 12

Iconic memory

Answer 12

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli.

Question 13

Acoustic memory

Answer 13

Encoding of sound.

Question 14

Echoic memory

Answer 14

Momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.

Question 15

Selective attention

Answer 15

Focusing of awareness on stimuli in sensory memory that facilitates STM encoding.

Question 16

Automatic processing

Answer 16

Unconscious encoding of information about space, time, and frequency that occurs without interfering with thinking about other things.

Question 17

Parallel processing

Answer 17

Involves several information streams simultaneously.

Question 18

Effortful processing

Answer 18

Requires attention and conscious effort.

Question 19

Feature extraction (pattern recognition)

Answer 19

Finding a match for new information in sensory storage by actively searching through long-term memory.

Question 20

Short-term memory (STM)

Answer 20

Working memory, 20 seconds before forgotten.

Question 21

Rehearsal

Answer 21

Conscious repetition of information to either maintain information in STM or to encode it for storage.

Question 22

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 22

Repetition that keeps information in STM about 20 seconds.

Question 23

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 23

Repetition that creates associations between the new memory and existing memories in LTM.

Question 24

Chunking

Answer 24

Grouping information into meaningful units increasing the capacity of STM.

Question 25

Mnemonic devices

Answer 25

Memory tricks/strategies to make information easier to remember.

Question 26

Method of loci

Answer 26

Uses visualization with familiar objects on a path to recall information in a list.

Question 27

Peg word system

Answer 27

Uses association of terms to be remembered with a memorized scheme.

Question 28

Long-term memory

Answer 28

Relatively permanent storage with unlimited capacity.

Question 29

Explicit memory (declarative)

Answer 29

Memory of facts and experiences consciously known and can be verbalized.