Cognition and History (1) Flashcards
_______ means of, relating, being or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as reasoning or remembering)
cognitive
cognitive psych is basically the science of how we _____ _____
know things
Cognitive Psych - study of _______ ________ and _________ ________
Cognitive Psych - study of human thought and information processing
________ - anything you can perceive, outside of your brain that you use - potentially useful information
Information - anything you can perceive, outside of your brain that you use - potentially useful information
Example: You set a goal for a class, you know you’ll miss things but you do our best to study
what is this an example of
satisficing
Satisficing - set a criteria for what we want out of something and do the best we can
(satisfactory instead of optimal)
satisficing relates to cogntion becuase there are …….. but only some …..?
Some argue that there is too much information for our system to be totally _______
There are many possible sources of information but only some relevant ones
Some argue that there is too much information for our system to be totally optimal
because of satisficing we reply on ______ and ______
heuristics and memory
memory of prior events are used to guide decisions about the present
this can result in ______
bias
t or f
cog psych is experimental
t
define structuralism
studying cognitive processes by looking inward, at its stuctures
__________ - look inward, or collecting thoughts of others
introspection
why is structuralism unreliable
relied on introspection which was unreliable across labs/people, and ignored unconscious influence
define functionalism
the function of behaviour, explanation of experiences, focused on the purpose of consciousness and behaviour
what historical psych approach would ask
what are the rules that people use when they perceive things
gestralt psych
gestralt psych
_________ introduced thescientific method to psychology
behaviourism
Proximity, similarity, etc - rules by which we exp the world
these are ______ priciples
gestalt
________ is the study of behaviour
observes _______ (inputs) and ________ (outputs)
beahiourims
Stimuli (inputs) and behaviours (outputs)
behaviourims explained that constructs for internal states are not ________
observable
(feelings, intentions, desires, goals)
behaviourism uses ________ as their main explanatory process
If things co occur in space and time, thay have an ___________
Associations
functionalism beleives that _______ is more important that ________
Function More important than content
Experiment: Tinklepaugh - delayed response Monkeys
explain
Monkeys look for food under cups, finding it traced memory
Sometimes banana was hidden under cup but lettuce was put in the same place - Monkeys ignored the lettuce and kept looking for banana
Implies that they remembered the banana
Experiment: Tinklepaugh - delayed response Monkeys
Behaviourism failed to explain what
the “disappointment” that the monkeys experienced
What are the limitation of behaviourism and language
Skinner said they learned language through imitation and reinforcement
Compsky said naw fam - kids say things they’ve never heard, they use incorrect grammar even tho its not reinforced
By the 60’s most people switched to cog psych (information processing)
this was know as what
the cognitive revolution
the invention of _________ gave psychologists a new metaphor to explain the mind
Invention of computers gave psychologists a new metaphor to explain the mind
“Mind as a computer” metaphor influenced how we studied psych in what way
studied information processing
Cognitive psych really focuses on how we process information
what does cognitive neuroscience study
measured via what
How the brain works via neurons & via neuro-electrochemical energy
Measured via scanning and imaging
Experiment: Cognition in the classroom
what did it study and how
Studied brain drain - whether presence of smartphones reduced available cognitive capacity
Used the Ospan task - asked to track the order of letters, in a string of letters
Experiment: Cognition in the classroom
what are the dep and indep variables
IndVars = 3
All belongings in other room
Phone face down on desk everything else in other room
All belonging in the testing room, whatever “naturally” happens
DepVar = performance on Ospan task
Experiment: Cognition in the classroom
what were the results? were they credible?
Having your phone on your desk made you measurably worse than other conditions
This faced heavy scrutiny - re tested and found it didn’t matter
