Cognition and History (1)

Question 1

_______ means of, relating, being or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as reasoning or remembering)

Answer 1

cognitive

Question 2

cognitive psych is basically the science of how we _____ _____

Answer 2

know things

Question 3

Cognitive Psych - study of _______ ________ and _________ ________

Answer 3

Cognitive Psych - study of human thought and information processing

Question 4

________ - anything you can perceive, outside of your brain that you use - potentially useful information

Answer 4

Information - anything you can perceive, outside of your brain that you use - potentially useful information

Question 5

Example: You set a goal for a class, you know you’ll miss things but you do our best to study

what is this an example of

Answer 5

satisficing

Satisficing - set a criteria for what we want out of something and do the best we can

(satisfactory instead of optimal)

Question 6

satisficing relates to cogntion becuase there are …….. but only some …..?

Some argue that there is too much information for our system to be totally _______

Answer 6

There are many possible sources of information but only some relevant ones

Some argue that there is too much information for our system to be totally optimal

Question 7

because of satisficing we reply on ______ and ______

Answer 7

heuristics and memory

Question 8

memory of prior events are used to guide decisions about the present

this can result in ______

Answer 8

bias

Question 9

t or f

cog psych is experimental

Answer 9

t

Question 10

define structuralism

Answer 10

studying cognitive processes by looking inward, at its stuctures

Question 11

__________ - look inward, or collecting thoughts of others

Answer 11

introspection

Question 12

why is structuralism unreliable

Answer 12

relied on introspection which was unreliable across labs/people, and ignored unconscious influence

Question 13

define functionalism

Answer 13

the function of behaviour, explanation of experiences, focused on the purpose of consciousness and behaviour

Question 14

what historical psych approach would ask

what are the rules that people use when they perceive things

gestralt psych

Answer 14

gestralt psych

Question 15

_________ introduced thescientific method to psychology

Answer 15

behaviourism

Question 16

Proximity, similarity, etc - rules by which we exp the world

these are ______ priciples

Answer 16

gestalt

Question 17

________ is the study of behaviour

observes _______ (inputs) and ________ (outputs)

Answer 17

beahiourims

Stimuli (inputs) and behaviours (outputs)

Question 18

behaviourims explained that constructs for internal states are not ________

Answer 18

observable

(feelings, intentions, desires, goals)

Question 19

behaviourism uses ________ as their main explanatory process

If things co occur in space and time, thay have an ___________

Answer 19

Associations

Question 20

functionalism beleives that _______ is more important that ________

Answer 20

Function More important than content

Question 21

Experiment: Tinklepaugh - delayed response Monkeys

explain

Answer 21

Monkeys look for food under cups, finding it traced memory

Sometimes banana was hidden under cup but lettuce was put in the same place - Monkeys ignored the lettuce and kept looking for banana

Implies that they remembered the banana

Question 22

Experiment: Tinklepaugh - delayed response Monkeys

Behaviourism failed to explain what

Answer 22

the “disappointment” that the monkeys experienced

Question 23

What are the limitation of behaviourism and language

Answer 23

Skinner said they learned language through imitation and reinforcement

Compsky said naw fam - kids say things they’ve never heard, they use incorrect grammar even tho its not reinforced

Question 24

By the 60’s most people switched to cog psych (information processing)

this was know as what

Answer 24

the cognitive revolution

Question 25

the invention of _________ gave psychologists a new metaphor to explain the mind

Answer 25

Invention of computers gave psychologists a new metaphor to explain the mind

Question 26

“Mind as a computer” metaphor influenced how we studied psych in what way

Answer 26

studied information processing

Cognitive psych really focuses on how we process information

Question 27

what does cognitive neuroscience study

measured via what

Answer 27

How the brain works via neurons & via neuro-electrochemical energy

Measured via scanning and imaging

Question 28

Experiment: Cognition in the classroom

what did it study and how

Answer 28

Studied brain drain - whether presence of smartphones reduced available cognitive capacity

Used the Ospan task - asked to track the order of letters, in a string of letters

Question 29

Experiment: Cognition in the classroom

what are the dep and indep variables

Answer 29

IndVars = 3
All belongings in other room
Phone face down on desk everything else in other room

All belonging in the testing room, whatever “naturally” happens
DepVar = performance on Ospan task

Question 30

Experiment: Cognition in the classroom

what were the results? were they credible?

Answer 30

Having your phone on your desk made you measurably worse than other conditions

This faced heavy scrutiny - re tested and found it didn’t matter