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Psychology Paper 3 > Cognition and Development > Flashcards

Cognition and Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Piaget: Cognitive Developent

A01

A

Driven to learn by a desire for equilibration
Rely on schema, some are innate some develop via:
* Assimilation
* Accomodation

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2
Q

Piaget

Equlilibration

A01

A

When you understand your environment
Not having the neccessary schema to understand the environment is disequilibria and is unpleasant

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3
Q

Piaget

Growing Schema

A01

A

Assimilation
* adding new information to existing schemas

Accomodation
* modifying existing schemas or creating new ones in order to accomodate new information

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4
Q

Piaget: Cognitive Development

A03

A
  • Preference for faces (innate schema)
  • Role of motivation
  • Role of others
  • RWA (learning)
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5
Q

Piaget: Intellectual Development

A01

A
  1. Sensorimotor (0-2)
  2. Pre-operational (2-7)
  3. Concrete Operations (7-11)
  4. Formal Operations (11+)
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6
Q

Piaget

Sensorimotor Stage

A01

A
  • 0-2
  • Attain object permanance at 8 months
  • Learn through trial and error
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7
Q

Pre-operational

A01

A
  • 2-7
  • Inability to conserve
  • Egocentrism
  • Struggle with class inclusion
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8
Q

Piaget

Concrete Operations

A01

A
  • 7-11
  • Conservation
  • Classification
  • Less egocentrism
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9
Q

Piaget

Formal Operations

A01

A
  • 11+
  • Abstract skills
  • Deductive reasoning
  • Syllogisms
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10
Q

Piaget: Intellectual Development

A03

A
  • Object permanence (suprise)
  • Ego centrism (police)
  • Conservation (naughty teddy)
  • Formal operations (practice)
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11
Q

Vygotsky

A01

A

Cognitive development is a social process of learning from MKOs
Culture contributes content and processsed of thinking
Zone of Proximal Developmemt
Scaffolding

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12
Q

Vygotsky

Zone of Proximal Development

A01

A

The difference between a child’s current level and their potential level

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13
Q

Vygotsky

Scaffolding

A01

A
  1. Demonstration
  2. Preparation of child
  3. Indication of materials
  4. Specific verbal instructions
  5. General Prompts
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14
Q

Vygotsky

A03

A
  • ZPD support (puzzles)
  • RWA (collaborative learning)
  • Scaffolding support
  • Nature vs nurture (Piaget)
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15
Q

Baillargeon

A01

A

Babies born with physical reasoning system
* basic understanding of the physical wold
* ability to learn more details easily

VoE
* Expected event (see carrot through window)
* Unexpected event (don’t)
* Children stared longer = suprise

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16
Q

Baillargeon

A03

A
  • Validity of VoE (more than Piaget)
  • Innate (support and universality?)
  • More interesting?
  • Support (screen)
17
Q

Selman’s Levels of Perspective Taking

A01

A

Perspective taking is the ability to appreciate a social situation from the perspective of our normal social interaction

  1. Socially egocentric
  2. Social informational role taking
  3. Self reflective role taking
  4. Mutual role taking
  5. Social and conventional system role taking
18
Q

Selman

Socially Egocentric

A01

A
  • 3-6
  • Can identify emotions in others
  • Can’t understand causes
19
Q

Selman

Social Information Role Taking

A01

A
  • 6-8
  • Can tell the difference between their PoV and others
  • Can only focus on one at a time
20
Q

Selman

Self-reflective Role Taking

A01

A
  • 8-10
  • Can fully put themselves in anothers shoes
  • Can only do one at a time
21
Q

Selman

Mutual Role Taking

A01

A
  • 10-12
  • Can see there own and someone elses PoV at the same time
22
Q

Selman

Social and Conventional System
Role Taking

A01

A
  • 12-15+
  • understanding that sometimes appreiciating other’s PoVs is not enough to keep order
  • This is why we need social conventions
23
Q

Selman’s Levels of Perspective Taking

A03

A
  • Holly Senario
  • RWA (identifying abnormal, SST)
  • Supermarket observation
  • Bullies
  • Reductionist
24
Q

Theory of Mind

A01

A

Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and to others

False belief tasks
* can children understand that people can believe something untrue
* Sally Anne
* 20% of autistic children were correct
* 85% of normal children

25
Q

Theory of Mind

A03

A
  • ASD
  • Perspective taking
  • Validity (other abilities)
  • ?
26
Q

Mirror Neurons

A01

A

Rizzoletti - monkeys
Same neurons fire when watching someone else do something as when you do it.
Empathy, perspective taking.
Broken mirror as explanation for autism

27
Q

Mirror Neurons

A03

A
  • Rizzoletti (hand movements)
  • Support (can’t tell exact neurons)
  • Issues with research
  • ASD imitate faces study (directly proprtional)

Relate A03 to social cognition, not just MNS

Psychology Paper 3 (4 decks)

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