Cognition

Question 1

Explain the patterns between culture and attention.

Answer 1

We can see cultural differences in what individuals focus on. There is holistic and analytic perception. This means you relate the object to the context or you see it as context-independent.

Question 2

Explain the facets of cultural differences and thinking.

Answer 2

The facets of cultural differences in thinking are categorization, memory, maths, creativity, problem-solving, and dialectical thinking (positive logical determinism and naïve dialectical)

Question 3

Explain the relation between SES and cognitive test scores.

Answer 3

1. Correlation between SES and test scores; higher in developing countries than industrialized countries.
2. cross-national differences: US gene x SES / EU no effect or reversed effect.

Question 4

How does the environment influence cognition?

Answer 4

1. availability of resources.
2. education opportunities.
3. beliefs, attitudes and practices.
4. family climate.

Question 5

Explain the cognitive complexity hypothesis.

Answer 5

According to the cognitive complexity hypothesis, there should be an interaction effect between complexity and content familiarity.

The results showed that rural children scored best on their test version. The urban group scored in the middle. Each group scored highest on their test version.