Cognition

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Storage and retrieval of what has been learnt or experienced

Question 2

Who created the multi store model of memory

Answer 2

Atkinson and shiffrin, 1968

Question 3

State the three steps in the multi store model of memory

Answer 3

Encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 4

Sensory register/memory info

Answer 4

Duration=5sec
Capacity=unlimited
Encoding=does both icnonic and echoic stimulus, if given attention it goes to short term memory

Question 5

Short term memory info

Answer 5

Duration=20
Capacity=7(+2)sec
Encoding=maintenance rehearsal, elaborative memory
(Found in frontal lobe area)

Question 6

Iconic memory

Answer 6

Visual memory

Question 7

Echoic memory

Answer 7

Sound/auditory memory

Question 8

Chunking

Answer 8

Process of grouping items to make them easier to remember eg. 9117111800 = 911, 711, 1800

Question 9

Long term memory info

Answer 9

Capacity = unlimited
Duration = until death
Encoding = semantic, episodic

Question 10

Semantic memory

Answer 10

Knowledge of language and concepts/idea
(Declarative memory)

Question 11

Episodic memory

Answer 11

Memory of events in our life
(Declarative memory)

Question 12

Procedural memory

Answer 12

Ability to remember how to preform a task or to employ a strategy. (Apparently stored in steps)

Question 13

Declarative memory

Answer 13

When you can verbalise/describe what you remember (explicit/conscious)

Question 14

Non-declarative memory

Answer 14

Influences current memory without one’s awareness (implicit/unconscious)

Question 15

Method to improve memory recall

Answer 15

Organisation/chunking, context dependent cues, state dependent cues

Question 16

Context-dependent cues

Answer 16

When environmental conditions of encoding match time of retrieval

Question 17

State-dependent cues

Answer 17

When emotional and physical state match of encoding match time of retrieval

Question 18

Name the parts of working memory model

Answer 18

Central executive, visuospatial sketch pad, phenological loop

Question 19

Central executive info

Answer 19

-in control of both visuospatial sketch pad and phenological loop
-coordinates input and output of LTM
-prioritises what items require more attention

Question 20

Visuospatial sketch pad info

Answer 20

Stores and processes info into a visual or spatial format

Question 21

Phenological loop info

Answer 21

-deals with written and spoken info
-linked to speech perception/production
-holds info in speech-based form for 1-2sec
-used to rehearse/store verbal info from phenological store

Question 22

Methods of measuring memory/how much a person remembers

Answer 22

Recall, recognition, relearning

Question 23

Recall (memory)

Answer 23

Asks an individual to retrieve info without prompts

Question 24

Recognition (memory)

Answer 24

Asks an individual to identify info from options

Question 25

Relearning (memory)

Answer 25

Relearn the subject and if they learn faster it means they retained some info

Question 26

What cause the forgetting of info (memory)

Answer 26

Retrieval failure, decay, interference, motivated forgetting

Question 27

Retrieval failure (memory)

Answer 27

Info wasn’t encoded into long term memory

Question 28

Decay (memory)

Answer 28

Neural pathway degrades/decays over time if not used

Question 29

Interference (memory)

Answer 29

Other similar info interferes
-proactive=old info with new
-retroactive=new info interferes with old

Question 30

Motivated forgetting (memory)

Answer 30

Keeping distressful thoughts or feelings buried (trauma is buried)