Cognition Flashcards
Memory
Storage and retrieval of what has been learnt or experienced
Who created the multi store model of memory
Atkinson and shiffrin, 1968
State the three steps in the multi store model of memory
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Sensory register/memory info
Duration=5sec
Capacity=unlimited
Encoding=does both icnonic and echoic stimulus, if given attention it goes to short term memory
Short term memory info
Duration=20
Capacity=7(+2)sec
Encoding=maintenance rehearsal, elaborative memory
(Found in frontal lobe area)
Iconic memory
Visual memory
Echoic memory
Sound/auditory memory
Chunking
Process of grouping items to make them easier to remember eg. 9117111800 = 911, 711, 1800
Long term memory info
Capacity = unlimited
Duration = until death
Encoding = semantic, episodic
Semantic memory
Knowledge of language and concepts/idea
(Declarative memory)
Episodic memory
Memory of events in our life
(Declarative memory)
Procedural memory
Ability to remember how to preform a task or to employ a strategy. (Apparently stored in steps)
Declarative memory
When you can verbalise/describe what you remember (explicit/conscious)
Non-declarative memory
Influences current memory without one’s awareness (implicit/unconscious)
Method to improve memory recall
Organisation/chunking, context dependent cues, state dependent cues
Context-dependent cues
When environmental conditions of encoding match time of retrieval
State-dependent cues
When emotional and physical state match of encoding match time of retrieval
Name the parts of working memory model
Central executive, visuospatial sketch pad, phenological loop
Central executive info
-in control of both visuospatial sketch pad and phenological loop
-coordinates input and output of LTM
-prioritises what items require more attention
Visuospatial sketch pad info
Stores and processes info into a visual or spatial format
Phenological loop info
-deals with written and spoken info
-linked to speech perception/production
-holds info in speech-based form for 1-2sec
-used to rehearse/store verbal info from phenological store
Methods of measuring memory/how much a person remembers
Recall, recognition, relearning
Recall (memory)
Asks an individual to retrieve info without prompts
Recognition (memory)
Asks an individual to identify info from options
Relearning (memory)
Relearn the subject and if they learn faster it means they retained some info
What cause the forgetting of info (memory)
Retrieval failure, decay, interference, motivated forgetting
Retrieval failure (memory)
Info wasn’t encoded into long term memory
Decay (memory)
Neural pathway degrades/decays over time if not used
Interference (memory)
Other similar info interferes
-proactive=old info with new
-retroactive=new info interferes with old
Motivated forgetting (memory)
Keeping distressful thoughts or feelings buried (trauma is buried)
