Cog Neuro Quiz 9: Executive Functions Part 2

Question 1

Harper is experiencing odd behavioral issues since a traumatic brain injury. For example, when she goes to pour herself coffee, she cannot seem to stop and the cup overflows. Tests show she has longer than normal reaction times suggesting difficulty initiating behavior. Which area did Harper most likely damage?

Answer 1

supplementary motor area

Question 2

Dr. Bridge uses tDCS to stimulate part of the cortex. the stimulation impacts participant’s ability to create attentional sets in a cued-Stroop task and their ability to sequence on the tower of London. which part of the cortex did Dr most likely stimulate?

Answer 2

DLPFC

Question 3

Ben finds activation of large network of brain regions, including the anterior cingulate, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and Superior parietal sulcus during the time when participants had to shift their attentional set based on changes in feedback . Which task did Ben most likely use?

Answer 3

Wisconsin Card Sorting

Question 4

Elsie finds activation of a large network of brain regions, including the right prefrontal cortex, presupplementary motor area, and the putamen during the time when participants had to inhibit a prepotent response. which tasks did Elsie use?

Answer 4

Stop signal, Go-No Go, and Flanker

Question 5

Tara wants to examine developmental changes n EF. she has participants from 8 to 80 complete a task where they connect a series of dots, alternating numbers and letters. which EF is she measuring and which brain area supports it.

Answer 5

sequencing; DLPFC

Question 6

If we happened to be recording brain activity whole you take this quiz, which ERP component would we see larger in amplitude for your errors compared to correct responses?

Answer 6

ERN

Question 7

According to Banich’s EF model, the role of the anterior dorsal ACC in the Stroop task is…

Answer 7

to compare the response to the original goal

Question 8

According to Banich’s EF model, the role of the posterior DLPFC in the Stroop task is…

Answer 8

to bias activation of color representations in the posterior brain regions

Question 9

Camila tells Jonas he has a heart of gold. Jonas informs her that no one’s heart is made of gold. Jonas took the words literally, which may mean he has damage to his…..

Answer 9

right hemisphere (to do with understanding meaning)

Question 10

Older adults tend to perseverate on the first rule they learn in the Wisconsin Card Sorting task compared to younger adults. Reduced activation of which brain area is associated with that behavior?

Answer 10

DLPFC

Question 11

Penelope designs a task where participants press a key when they see a square. on 10% of the trials, a circle will appear instead of a square. Penelope is interested in how the brain responds to the rare circles. Which ERP component will she likely see increase in amplitude for the circles?

Answer 11

P300

Question 12

Patients with frontal lobe damage show a reduced sympathetic nervous system response, as measured by _____, to anticipation of negative outcomes

Answer 12

SCR

Question 13

You design an ERP study of self-monitoring. which assessment (task) would you use and why? which ERP component would you be looking for and which brain region is it thought to originate from?

Answer 13

for self-monitoring you could use any assessment because we are measuring if they reached the goal and how they got there. We may be looking for ERNs from the ACC

Question 14

Several research techniques have been used to determine the brain’s role in EFs, including fMRI, patient populations, and tDCS. Based on the collective findings we’ve discussed, which brain regions would you say is/are most important to EFs? Describe at least one piece of evidence.

Answer 14

I would say the pre/frontal areas of the brain. The frontal lobe is important for planning and initiating a goal. Posterior part of the frontal lobe is important for movement and executing those goals