Cog Neuro Bonus Questions! Flashcards
divides frontal and parietal lobes
central sulcus
down the middle, it divides the hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
separates frontal and temporal lobes
lateral fissure
There are three layers of protective tissue around the brain called meninges.
True, the dura mater, arachnoid layer, and pia mater)
Hyperpolarization occurs because too many K+ ions enter the cell.
True? Or influx of cations
Match the stage/neurotransmitter to the
correct description.
A. GABA
B. Glutamate
C. Inactivation
D. Receptor action
E. Release
F. Synthesis
- Binding of neurotransmitters causes a reaction in the postsynaptic cell. D
- Neurotransmitters are derived from DNA instructions or precursors and enzymes,
then packaged into vesicles. F - Calcium ions bind to calmodulin forming a complex that causes vesicles to dump their contents into the synapse. E
- Diffusion, reuptake, enzymatic degradation, glial cell absorption. C
- The main inhibitory neurotransmitter. A
- The main excitatory neurotransmitter. B
T or F? Only rods contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments.
False. They both have photopigments
T or F? Both rods and cones do not have action potentials.
True
T or F? There are 3 types of rods and 1 type of cone.
False. Cones have 3 types and rods only have 1.
T or F? Cones process fine detail and rods do not.
true
T or F? Low frequencies cause displacement at the base of the basilar membrane and high
frequencies cause displacement at the apex.
False. Low frequencies are tined for apex and High frequencies are tuned for basilar membrane
T or F? Graded potentials occur in inner hair cells, altering neurotransmitter release and the subsequent activity of auditory neurons.
True because there can be depolarized or hyperpolarized responses
T or F? he dorsal spinothalamic tract ascends on the ipsilateral side of the spine
true
T or F? Pain and temperature receptors use the same pathways as touch.
False. they use the ventral spino
T or F? Sensitive areas on the skin receive more area in the somatosensory cortex.
true
How hard would each of these tasks be with an injured cerebellum: low, moderate, very?
1) Running in a race or marathon.
2) Talking and listening to a friend.
3) Playing baseball in the park.
4) Swimming or diving in a pool.
5) Singing a song out loud.
- very
- moderate/low
- very
- very
- moderate
T or F? Motor neurons in the spinal cord have their cell bodies in the dorsal root
False in the ventral
T or F? Cervical nerves aid in control of breathing and heart rate.
true
T or F? Lumbar nerves control the muscles of the torso and temperature regulation of the trunk
False, thoracic
T or F? Some reflexes are the result of communication between sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord.
true
Bottom-up or top-down attentional selection?
* Browsing Netflix for a new true-crime drama to watch.
* A phone rings during class and we all look towards the sound.
* You search Meijer for a gender-neutral gift bag for your friend’s baby shower
- top-down
- bottom-up
- top-down
Which area of the PFC has been associated with dividing attention?
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Give an example of a scenario where you may be able to effectively divide your attention
Driving and listening to music. Listening and writing down notes in the classroom. Listening to a podcast while
Give an example of a scenario where dividing attention will likely hurt performance on one or more tasks.
Texting and driving.
T or F? Mesulam’s attentional network model has three separate systems.
False Posners has three. Mesulame has overlapping
T or F? Corbetta and Shulman’s model has separate networks for top-down and bottom-up attention.
true
T or F? Parts of the parietal and frontal cortices are involved in every attentional network model.
true
T or F? Gaps in attention are always due to a disorder or disease
false
Change blindness is associated with less activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex.
true because there’s usually more activity in those areas when something is detected
Hemineglect occurs most left parietal frequently after a stroke
true
How does creating multiple neural pathways protect against memory loss and cognitive decline?
It allows for more ways to connect things and less of a risk of forgetting if there are multiple connections. If a bunch of synapses are damaged but 1, you still have that one connection
What type of memory is this? You know that Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. is the 46th president of the United States.
semantic
Match the function on the left to the brain area on the right.
A. Amygdala
B. Anterior cingulate
C. Basal ganglia
D. Entorhinal cortex
E. Hippocampus
F. Parahippocampal cortex
G. Perirhinal cortex
__E__Involved in spatial memory.
__A__Important for emotional memory.
__G__Involved in visual object memory.
__C__Involved in movement and implicit memory.
__B__Has a role in monitoring conflict between your goals and irrelevant information from the environment.
__D__Processes familiarity of objects.
__F__Helps us navigate visuospatial environments.
- Effortful, directed decision making.
- Rapid addition or deletion of working memory contents.
- Automatic processing reliant on schemata.
- Deliberate overriding of prepotent responses.
- Switching between tasks or mental sets.
- Store of schemata.
a. Contention scheduling
b. Data base
c. Inhibition
D. Shifting
E. Supervisory attentional system
F. Updating
Check for Understanding: Match the term on the right to the description on the left.
1. Sensitive to rare and novel events.
2. A physiological response that indicates arousal.
3. Rely on the right hemisphere.
4. Happens in older adults on the Wisconsin Card Sorting task.
5. Involved in analogical reasoning.
A. DLPFC
B. metaphors
C. P300
D. perseveration
E. SCR
Which brain area was damaged/abnormal in JP and Agnes? What was their behavior like as a result?
frontal lobe. They displayed lots of non appreciate behaviors, aggression, lack of emotion/understanding and expressing emotions, inability to plan and organize (and EF)
Which brain area is damaged in someone with Kluver-Bucy syndrome? What is their
behavior like as a result?
amygdala. We see loss of fear responses, hypersexuality, unusual eating, would not be able to learn new fear response
Check for Understanding
1. Shows larger amplitude for racially biased errors (i.e., responding “gun” on a black tool trial) on the WIT.
2. Shows smaller amplitude for violent images among video game players.
3. Selects appropriate actions based on reinforcement expectancy.
4. Lower levels associated with greater aggression on the CRT and voodoo doll task.
5. Involved in stimulus reinforcement learning.
A. amygdala
B. ERN
C. glucose
D. P300
E. vmPFC
