Cog Neuro Bonus Questions!

Question 1

divides frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 1

central sulcus

Question 2

down the middle, it divides the hemispheres

Answer 2

longitudinal fissure

Question 3

separates frontal and temporal lobes

Answer 3

lateral fissure

Question 4

There are three layers of protective tissue around the brain called meninges.

Answer 4

True, the dura mater, arachnoid layer, and pia mater)

Question 5

Hyperpolarization occurs because too many K+ ions enter the cell.

Answer 5

True? Or influx of cations

Question 6

Match the stage/neurotransmitter to the
correct description.
A. GABA
B. Glutamate
C. Inactivation
D. Receptor action
E. Release
F. Synthesis

Answer 6

1. Binding of neurotransmitters causes a reaction in the postsynaptic cell. D
2. Neurotransmitters are derived from DNA instructions or precursors and enzymes,
   then packaged into vesicles. F
3. Calcium ions bind to calmodulin forming a complex that causes vesicles to dump their contents into the synapse. E
4. Diffusion, reuptake, enzymatic degradation, glial cell absorption. C
5. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter. A
6. The main excitatory neurotransmitter. B

Question 7

T or F? Only rods contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments.

Answer 7

False. They both have photopigments

Question 8

T or F? Both rods and cones do not have action potentials.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T or F? There are 3 types of rods and 1 type of cone.

Answer 9

False. Cones have 3 types and rods only have 1.

Question 10

T or F? Cones process fine detail and rods do not.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

T or F? Low frequencies cause displacement at the base of the basilar membrane and high
frequencies cause displacement at the apex.

Answer 11

False. Low frequencies are tined for apex and High frequencies are tuned for basilar membrane

Question 12

T or F? Graded potentials occur in inner hair cells, altering neurotransmitter release and the subsequent activity of auditory neurons.

Answer 12

True because there can be depolarized or hyperpolarized responses

Question 13

T or F? he dorsal spinothalamic tract ascends on the ipsilateral side of the spine

Answer 13

true

Question 14

T or F? Pain and temperature receptors use the same pathways as touch.

Answer 14

False. they use the ventral spino

Question 15

T or F? Sensitive areas on the skin receive more area in the somatosensory cortex.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

How hard would each of these tasks be with an injured cerebellum: low, moderate, very?
1) Running in a race or marathon.
2) Talking and listening to a friend.
3) Playing baseball in the park.
4) Swimming or diving in a pool.
5) Singing a song out loud.

Answer 16

1. very
2. moderate/low
3. very
4. very
5. moderate

Question 17

T or F? Motor neurons in the spinal cord have their cell bodies in the dorsal root

Answer 17

False in the ventral

Question 18

T or F? Cervical nerves aid in control of breathing and heart rate.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

T or F? Lumbar nerves control the muscles of the torso and temperature regulation of the trunk

Answer 19

False, thoracic

Question 20

T or F? Some reflexes are the result of communication between sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Bottom-up or top-down attentional selection?
* Browsing Netflix for a new true-crime drama to watch.
* A phone rings during class and we all look towards the sound.
* You search Meijer for a gender-neutral gift bag for your friend’s baby shower

Answer 21

• top-down
• bottom-up
• top-down

Question 22

Which area of the PFC has been associated with dividing attention?

Answer 22

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 23

Give an example of a scenario where you may be able to effectively divide your attention

Answer 23

Driving and listening to music. Listening and writing down notes in the classroom. Listening to a podcast while

Question 24

Give an example of a scenario where dividing attention will likely hurt performance on one or more tasks.

Answer 24

Texting and driving.

Question 25

T or F? Mesulam’s attentional network model has three separate systems.

Answer 25

False Posners has three. Mesulame has overlapping

Question 26

T or F? Corbetta and Shulman’s model has separate networks for top-down and bottom-up attention.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T or F? Parts of the parietal and frontal cortices are involved in every attentional network model.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

T or F? Gaps in attention are always due to a disorder or disease

Answer 28

false

Question 29

Change blindness is associated with less activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex.

Answer 29

true because there’s usually more activity in those areas when something is detected

Question 30

Hemineglect occurs most left parietal frequently after a stroke

Answer 30

true

Question 31

How does creating multiple neural pathways protect against memory loss and cognitive decline?

Answer 31

It allows for more ways to connect things and less of a risk of forgetting if there are multiple connections. If a bunch of synapses are damaged but 1, you still have that one connection

Question 32

What type of memory is this? You know that Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. is the 46th president of the United States.

Answer 32

semantic

Question 33

Match the function on the left to the brain area on the right.

A. Amygdala
B. Anterior cingulate
C. Basal ganglia
D. Entorhinal cortex
E. Hippocampus
F. Parahippocampal cortex
G. Perirhinal cortex

Answer 33

__E__Involved in spatial memory.
__A__Important for emotional memory.
__G__Involved in visual object memory.
__C__Involved in movement and implicit memory.
__B__Has a role in monitoring conflict between your goals and irrelevant information from the environment.
__D__Processes familiarity of objects.
__F__Helps us navigate visuospatial environments.

Question 34

1. Effortful, directed decision making.
2. Rapid addition or deletion of working memory contents.
3. Automatic processing reliant on schemata.
4. Deliberate overriding of prepotent responses.
5. Switching between tasks or mental sets.
6. Store of schemata.

Answer 34

a. Contention scheduling
b. Data base
c. Inhibition
D. Shifting
E. Supervisory attentional system
F. Updating

Question 35

Check for Understanding: Match the term on the right to the description on the left.
1. Sensitive to rare and novel events.
2. A physiological response that indicates arousal.
3. Rely on the right hemisphere.
4. Happens in older adults on the Wisconsin Card Sorting task.
5. Involved in analogical reasoning.

Answer 35

A. DLPFC
B. metaphors
C. P300
D. perseveration
E. SCR

Question 36

Which brain area was damaged/abnormal in JP and Agnes? What was their behavior like as a result?

Answer 36

frontal lobe. They displayed lots of non appreciate behaviors, aggression, lack of emotion/understanding and expressing emotions, inability to plan and organize (and EF)

Question 37

Which brain area is damaged in someone with Kluver-Bucy syndrome? What is their
behavior like as a result?

Answer 37

amygdala. We see loss of fear responses, hypersexuality, unusual eating, would not be able to learn new fear response

Question 38

Check for Understanding
1. Shows larger amplitude for racially biased errors (i.e., responding “gun” on a black tool trial) on the WIT.
2. Shows smaller amplitude for violent images among video game players.
3. Selects appropriate actions based on reinforcement expectancy.
4. Lower levels associated with greater aggression on the CRT and voodoo doll task.
5. Involved in stimulus reinforcement learning.

Answer 38

A. amygdala
B. ERN
C. glucose
D. P300
E. vmPFC