Cog Neuro Quiz 2: Neural Transmission Flashcards
T or F? The release of neurotransmitters is stimulated by a calcium-calmodulin complex.
True
T or F? Small molecule neurotransmitters are derived in the soma from DNA instructions.
False
T or F? Reuptake and degradation by enzyme are two ways to inactivate a neurotransmitter.
True
T or F? At resting potential, there are more K+ ions on the extracellular side
False
T or F? IPSPs can be summed spatially, but not temporally
True
Graded potentials that depolarize the cell will lead to excitation
True
You explain that each neuron receives loads of excitatory and inhibitory signals, which have to be summed up in an area called….?
Axon Hillock
If most of those signals were excitatory, the neuron might fire an action potential, releasing a chemical messengers from the ________ into the ______.
Axon terminals; synapses
You further explain to your colleague that there are different types of neurons, and the ones carrying afferent information are called….
Sensory Neurons
Next, you get into how the cells functions. The semipermeable membranes of our neurons allow Cl- and K+ to move freely while Na+ cannot, one of three factors contributing to…..
Resting potential
Using the figure.. you show your colleague the figure above. What process are you about to explain to them?
Action Potential
In which of the numbered phases could you say that the cell was hyperpolarized?
D. 4
In which of the numbered phases could you say that the cell was depolarizing?
B. 2
What is the status of the voltage-gated sodium channels in the phase numbered 1?
Closed
What is the status of the gated potassium channels in the phase numbered 3?
Open
At the stage labeled 4, the cell membrane is _____ refractory, meaning that another action potential could, but it would take more stimulation to meet threshold.
Relatively
17a. Neuro #1 releases GABA as its neurotransmitter. Neuron #2 also releases GABA as its neurotransmitter.
What will happen to the amount of GABA released by Neuron #2 if Neuron #1 is stimulated (excited)?
The GABA amount will decrease
17b. Neuro #1 releases GABA as its neurotransmitter. Neuron #2 also releases GABA as its neurotransmitter.
What will happen to the amount of GABA released by Neuron #2 if Neuron #1 is inhibited?
The GABA amount will increase
18a. You’ve explained to your colleague at the Human Brain Project how neurons function, but it also helps to understand why. Briefly explain…
Why it is important that our neurons have and maintain resting potential…
Should maintain resting potential because without it, neurons wouldn’t have an action potential.
18b. You’ve explained to your colleague at the Human Brain Project how neurons function, but it also helps to understand why. Briefly explain…
Why inactivation is a necessary step of neural transmission…
Inactivation cleans up anything left over and allows for the process to happen again. Don’t want left over action potentials floating around.
