Cog Neuro Quiz 2: Neural Transmission

Question 1

T or F? The release of neurotransmitters is stimulated by a calcium-calmodulin complex.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T or F? Small molecule neurotransmitters are derived in the soma from DNA instructions.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

T or F? Reuptake and degradation by enzyme are two ways to inactivate a neurotransmitter.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T or F? At resting potential, there are more K+ ions on the extracellular side

Answer 4

False

Question 5

T or F? IPSPs can be summed spatially, but not temporally

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Graded potentials that depolarize the cell will lead to excitation

Answer 6

True

Question 7

You explain that each neuron receives loads of excitatory and inhibitory signals, which have to be summed up in an area called….?

Answer 7

Axon Hillock

Question 8

If most of those signals were excitatory, the neuron might fire an action potential, releasing a chemical messengers from the ________ into the ______.

Answer 8

Axon terminals; synapses

Question 9

You further explain to your colleague that there are different types of neurons, and the ones carrying afferent information are called….

Answer 9

Sensory Neurons

Question 10

Next, you get into how the cells functions. The semipermeable membranes of our neurons allow Cl- and K+ to move freely while Na+ cannot, one of three factors contributing to…..

Answer 10

Resting potential

Question 11

Using the figure.. you show your colleague the figure above. What process are you about to explain to them?

Answer 11

Action Potential

Question 12

In which of the numbered phases could you say that the cell was hyperpolarized?

Answer 12

D. 4

Question 13

In which of the numbered phases could you say that the cell was depolarizing?

Answer 13

B. 2

Question 14

What is the status of the voltage-gated sodium channels in the phase numbered 1?

Answer 14

Closed

Question 15

What is the status of the gated potassium channels in the phase numbered 3?

Answer 15

Open

Question 16

At the stage labeled 4, the cell membrane is _____ refractory, meaning that another action potential could, but it would take more stimulation to meet threshold.

Answer 16

Relatively

Question 17

17a. Neuro #1 releases GABA as its neurotransmitter. Neuron #2 also releases GABA as its neurotransmitter.
What will happen to the amount of GABA released by Neuron #2 if Neuron #1 is stimulated (excited)?

Answer 17

The GABA amount will decrease

Question 18

17b. Neuro #1 releases GABA as its neurotransmitter. Neuron #2 also releases GABA as its neurotransmitter.
What will happen to the amount of GABA released by Neuron #2 if Neuron #1 is inhibited?

Answer 18

The GABA amount will increase

Question 19

18a. You’ve explained to your colleague at the Human Brain Project how neurons function, but it also helps to understand why. Briefly explain…
Why it is important that our neurons have and maintain resting potential…

Answer 19

Should maintain resting potential because without it, neurons wouldn’t have an action potential.

Question 20

18b. You’ve explained to your colleague at the Human Brain Project how neurons function, but it also helps to understand why. Briefly explain…
Why inactivation is a necessary step of neural transmission…

Answer 20

Inactivation cleans up anything left over and allows for the process to happen again. Don’t want left over action potentials floating around.