Cog Neuro Book Ch 10 Vocabulary

Question 1

affect (p. 430)

Answer 1

Either a discrete emotion that has a relatively short duration or a more diffuse, longer-lasting state such as stress or mood.

Question 2

affective flexibility (p. 470)

Answer 2

The ability to process the relevance of various emotional stimuli, depending on one’s current goals and motivation.

Question 3

amygdala (p. 443)

Answer 3

A collection of neurons anterior to the hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe that is involved in emotional processing.

Question 4

attentional blink (p. 455)

Answer 4

A phenomenon often observed during rapid serial presentations of visual stimuli, in which a second salient target that is presented between 150 and 450 ms after the first one goes undetected.

Question 5

basic emotion (p. 435)

Answer 5

An emotion with unique characteristics, carved by evolution, and reflected through facial expressions.
Compare complex emotion.

Question 6

complex emotions (p. 435)

Answer 6

A combination of basic emotions that can be identified as an evolved, long-lasting feeling. Some complex emotions may be socially or culturally learned.
Compare basic emotion

Question 7

core emotional systems (p. 435)

Answer 7

Also primary process. Any of seven circuits, proposed by Jaak Panksepp, common to all higher animals, that generate both emotional actions and specific autonomic changes that support those actions.

Question 8

dimensional theories of emotion (p. 435)

Answer 8

Theories that describe emotions that are fundamentally the same but differ along one or more dimensions, such as valence (pleasant to unpleasant, positive to negative) and arousal (very intense to very mild).

Question 9

emotions (p. 429)

Answer 9

An affective (positive or negative) mental response to a stimulus that is composed of a physiological response, a behavioral response, and a feeling (e.g., change in heart rate, jumping back, and feeling scared).

Question 10

emotion generation (p. 439)

Answer 10

An unagreed-upon set of processes that may or may not combine an automatic bottom-up response with a top-down response, which involves memory and/or linguistic representations.

Question 11

emotion regulation (p. 468)

Answer 11

Voluntary and involuntary processes deployed to manage and respond to emotions.

Question 12

facial expressions (p. 435)

Answer 12

The nonverbal communication of emotion by the manipulation of particular groups of facial muscles. Research findings suggest that six basic human facial expressions represent the emotional states anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise.

Question 13

fear conditioning (p. 446)

Answer 13

Learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires aversive properties by virtue of being paired with an aversive event.

Question 14

feeling (p. 428)

Answer 14

Either the sensation of touch or the conscious sensation of an emotion.

Question 15

flow (p. 466)

Answer 15

As described by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, the enjoyable state of being “in the zone.” He suggests that people are really happy when totally immersed in a challenging task that closely matches their abilities.

Question 16

insula (p. 464)

Answer 16

Also insular cortex. A part of cortex hidden in the Sylvian fissure. The insula also has extensive reciprocal connections with areas associated with emotion, such as the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus; as well as with frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical areas involved with attention, memory, and cognition.

Question 17

interoception (p. 464)

Answer 17

Physical sensations arising from inside the body, such as pain, temperature, hunger, and so on.

Question 18

mood (p. 430)

Answer 18

A long-lasting diffuse affective state that is characterized primarily by a predominance of enduring subjective feelings without an identifiable object or trigger.

Question 19

reappraisal (p. 468)

Answer 19

A cognitive strategy to reassess an emotion.

Question 20

somatic marker (p. 457)

Answer 20

A physiological-emotional mechanism that was once theorized to help people sort through possible options and make a decision. Somatic markers were thought to provide a common metric for evaluating options with respect to their potential benefit.

Question 21

stress (p. 430)

Answer 21

A fixed pattern of physiological and neurohormonal changes that occurs when we encounter a stimulus, event, or thought that threatens us (or we expect will threaten us) in some way.

Question 22

suppression (p. 469)

Answer 22

Intentionally excluding a thought or feeling from conscious awareness. A strategy for inhibiting an emotion-expressive behavior during an emotionally arousing situation.