Cog Flashcards
Who developed Multi store memory model?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
How many memory stores in MSM and how are they linked?
3 memory stores linked by transfer process
Sensory register
All stimuli from environ.
Several memory store, one of each of our 5 senses.
Encoding depend on senses.
Last briefly, less 1/2 sec duration.
High capacity.
Very little pass to memory system.
STM
Temporary store.
7+-2 capacity.
Encoded acoustically.
Duration 18-30sec.
Rehearsal to extend and pass into LTM.
LTM
Permanent memory store.
Unlimited capacity and duration.
Encoded semantically.
Has to be transferred back to STM to be recalled.
MSM strengths
Baddeley, mix up words sound similar in STM and words have similar meaning in LTM.
Miller, Barrick and Peterson, STM and LTM different in encoding, duration and capacity.
MSM limitations
Campitelli, STM is part of LTM.
KF’s recall was poor when info read out than if he read himself, more than 1 type of memory store in STM
MSM application
STM, inc by chunking
Who developed Working memory model?
Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
What are the 4 main components?
CE
PL
VSS
EB
CE
Focuses, divides and switches our limited attention.
Monitor incoming data, make decisions and allocate subsystems to tasks.
Limited capacity.
Not store brief info.
PL
Auditory info.
Preserve order in which info arrive.
Divide into articulating process and phonological store.
AP allow maintenance and rehearsal to keep in PL.
2sec capacity.
VSS
Store visual or spatial info when required.
3-4 objects capacity.
Divided into visual cache and inner scribe.
VC store visual info, IS record arrangement of objects in visual field.
EB
Temporary store.
Integrate acoustic, visual and spatial info passed by other subsystems.
Maintain time sequencing to record events.
4 chunks capacity.
Combine info with LTM and link to wider cog process eg perception.
WMM strengths
Supported by dual task performance. Baddeley et al (1975), female participants performed a visual and verbal task at same time, got similar results when performed separately.
WMM limitations
CE doesn’t explain anything, may consist separate sub components eg conscious supervisory attentional process and unconscious automatic process.
KF lack generalizability and can’t be replicated.
WMM application
Understand amnesia more eg KF, poor STM with auditory info but can process visual info, damaged PL, intact VSS.
Who developed episodic and semantic memory?
Tulving (1972)
Why did Tulving develop this?
Thought MSM too simplistic, there are at least 2 LTM systems contain different types of info.
Episodic memory
Recall event episodes.
Autobiographical.
Time stamped.
Single episode memory include several elements.
Allow time travel.