Cog

Question 1

Area of the brain for episodic declarative memory

Ex: events, memories

Answer 1

Medial temporal lobes

Hippocampus, parahippocampus

Anterior thalamic nucleus, mammillary body, fornix, prefrontal cortex

Question 2

Area of the brain for semantic declarative memory
Ex: facts and concepts, events

Language and ability to understand it

Answer 2

Inferolateral temporal lobes

Anterior temporal lobe

Question 3

Area of the brain for procedural memory

Ex) explicit: learning to drive stick
Implicit: learning to ride a bike (have to do it rather than listen to instructions to learn it)

Answer 3

Basal ganglia, cerebellum, supplementary motor area

Question 4

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairments

Connections to posterior parietal and superior temporal regions: integration of sensory information

Answer 4

• dysexecutive syndrome (disruption of executive function)
• problems with planning
• strategy development
• cognitive persistence
• problem solving despite distractions

Question 5

Orbitofrontal cortex damage impairments

Connections to amygdala and temporal region

Answer 5

• Disinhibition
• emotional lability
• decreased judgement
• distractibility
• perseveration

Question 6

Medial prefrontal cortex impairments

Connections to amygdala

Answer 6

• apathetic/passive presentation
• decreased affect
• initiative
• maintenance of activity
• motor and verbal production
• “pseudo-depression”

Question 7

Mini mental State Exam Cutoff

Answer 7

Less than 24 indicate possible dementia

Question 8

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cutoff score

Answer 8

Cutoff score less than 26

Question 9

Mild cognitive impairment, physical lesiure activities can cause

Answer 9

Exercise has a protective role against the development of dementia

Question 10

Dual task cost calculation

Answer 10

Dual task performance- single task performance

/ single task performance

x 100= % of dual task cost

Question 11

Ideamotor Apraxia

Answer 11

• breakdown between idea and voluntary movement
• able to carry out automatic tasks but unable to imitate gestures on command

-ex: patient is able to reach for a cup of water in his room, during therapy he is unable to attain elbow ROM when asked to reach for his cup

Question 12

Ideational Apraxia

Answer 12

• difficulty understanding the task or cannot formulate motor patterns needed for completion
• either automatically or on command

Ex: when the phone rings the patient picks up his shoe and puts it to his ear

Question 13

Motor learning strategies by Wolf and Lewthwaite (3)

Answer 13

• autonomy
• enhanced expectancies
• external focus