Coeliac Disease

Question 1

What is Coeliac Disease?

Answer 1

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition where exposure to gluten causes an immune reaction + cause inflammation in small bowel. Normally happens in early childhood.

Question 2

Pathophysiology of coeliac disease?

Answer 2

auto antibodies are created in response to exposure to gluten.

The antibodies target epithelial cells of intestine and cause inflammation.

The two antibodies are:

Anti-TTG
Anti-EMA

Inflammation of small bowel is mostly present in jejunum and it causes atrophy of intestinal villi which causes malabsorption of nutrients.

Question 3

Presentation of coelic disease?

Answer 3

Often asymptomatic
Failure to thrive
Diarrhoea
Fatigue
Weight loss
Mouth ulcer
Anaemia
Rash on belly

Question 4

Genes and antibodies associated with coeliac disease?

Answer 4

Genes associated:
HLA - DQ2
HLA - DQ8

Auto antibodies associated:
Anti - TTG
Anti - EMA

Question 5

Diagnosing coeliac disease?

Answer 5

Investigate whilst patient on gluten diet
Total IGA test
Anti TTG + Anti EMA test
Endoscopy + intestinal biopsy

Question 6

What is associated with coeliac disease?

Answer 6

Type 1 diabetes
Thyroid disease
Auto immune hepatitis
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary sclerosis cholangitis

Question 7

Complications of coeliac disease if untreated?

Answer 7

vitamin deficiency
Anaemia
Osteoporosis
Ulcerative jejunitis
Entropathy assosiated T-cell lymphoma
Non-hodgkin lymphoma

Question 8

Treatments for coeliac disease?

Answer 8

Just stop gluten diet.