Coding Text

Question 1

What is a bit?

Answer 1

The smallest unit of data in a computer, represented as 0 or 1.

Question 2

How many characters can be represented with 2 bits?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

How many characters can be represented with 3 bits?

Answer 3

8

Question 4

How many characters can be represented with 4 bits?

Answer 4

16

Question 5

How many characters can be represented with 8 bits?

Answer 5

256

Question 6

What is ASCII?

Answer 6

A 7-bit character encoding system representing 128 characters.

Question 7

Why is the 8th bit used in ASCII?

Answer 7

For parity or extended characters.

Question 8

How does Unicode differ from ASCII?

Answer 8

Unicode uses 8, 16, or 32 bits to represent a wider range of characters across multiple languages.

Question 9

What are the advantages of Unicode?

Answer 9

Universal standard for all languages. Supports many more characters.

Question 10

What are the disadvantages of Unicode?

Answer 10

Requires more storage. Increased complexity compared to ASCII.

Question 11

What is a parity bit?

Answer 11

A bit added to ensure the total number of 1s in a byte is even or odd for error detection.

Question 12

What is majority voting?

Answer 12

Each bit is sent three times; the most common value is used to detect and correct errors.

Question 13

What is the purpose of a check digit?

Answer 13

To verify the accuracy of a data entry using weighted calculations.

Question 14

How would the character ‘A’ be represented in ASCII using 7 bits?

Answer 14

1000001

Question 15

How many characters can be represented using 7 bits?

Answer 15

128 characters.

Question 16

What is the purpose of a parity bit?

Answer 16

To detect errors in transmitted data by ensuring the total number of 1s (including the parity bit) follows specific rules (even or odd).

Question 17

What is even parity?

Answer 17

The total number of 1s in the data (including the parity bit) must be even.

Question 18

How is even parity checked during transmission?

Answer 18

1. Sending: The sender calculates the parity bit to make the total number of 1s even and appends it to the data. 2. Receiving: The receiver counts the total 1s in the data. If the count is even, the data is assumed correct; if odd, an error is detected.

Question 19

Example of even parity?

Answer 19

Data: 1010110 (6 bits) → Parity bit: 0 → Sent data: 10101100.

Question 20

What is odd parity?

Answer 20

The total number of 1s in the data (including the parity bit) must be odd.

Question 21

How is odd parity checked during transmission?

Answer 21

1. Sending: The sender calculates the parity bit to make the total number of 1s odd and appends it to the data. 2. Receiving: The receiver checks if the total 1s is odd. If even, an error is detected.

Question 22

Example of odd parity?

Answer 22

Data: 1010110 (6 bits) → Parity bit: 1 → Sent data: 10101101.

Question 23

What are the limitations of parity bits?

Answer 23

They can only detect single-bit errors. They cannot detect multiple-bit errors (e.g., if two bits flip, parity remains unchanged).

Question 24

How does even parity detect errors?

Answer 24

Data to send: 1101011 (7 bits) → Parity bit: 1 → Sent data: 11010111. Received data: 11010101. Total 1s: 5 (odd), so an error is detected.

Question 25

Where is even parity commonly used?

Answer 25

In systems where even numbers are easier to process.

Question 26

Where is odd parity commonly used?

Answer 26

In scenarios where odd numbers are standard for error detection.