coding, capacity, duration of memory Flashcards
Baddeley, coding in the Stm and ltm what did he find and do?
they did acoustically similar or dissimilar words, for STM. immediate recall worse with acoustically similar words, STM, is acoustic.
semantically similar and disimilar, recall after 20 minutes worse with semantically similar. LTM semantic
what did miller find about capacity of STM?
miller had observations of everyday practice. things come in sevens, eg 7 day in weeks, deadly sins.
span of STM is 7+/-2 items, chunking improves it
Peterson and Peterson, duration of STM. What did they find and do?
24 students given consonant syllable to remember, 3-digit number to count backwards, or either 3-18 seconds. they recall about 80% of syllable correct with 3 second interval. after 18 second interval- fell to 3%. stm duration was 18 to 30 seconds.
what did Bahrick et al find about duration of LTM?
392 Americans. 2 test:
recognition test- 50 photos from their yearbook.
free recall test- participant list names of graduating class.
tested 48 years after graduation, 70% accurate in photo recognition. free recall lest accurate.
what was a limitation of Baddeley’s study?
it used artificial and not meaningful material as words had no personal meaning to participants. when processing meaningful information may use semantic for STM. so they have limited application and so can’t be generalised.
what is a limitation of Miller?
Cowan suggested that capacity was only about 4 chunks and so lower end of miller estimate of 5 more likely, more appropriate then 7.
what is a limitation of peterson and peterson’s study.
it used artificial stimulus as consonant syllables not reflect real life memories and so study lacked external validity. however we can remeber useless things such as phone number so still relevant.
what is a strength of bahrick et al?
it has high external validity, as real-life meaningful memories were studied, whereas lab studies are meaningless, however confounding variables can’t be controlled and so may not be valid.
