coding,capacity,duration in LTM

Question 1

How is information coded in LTM?

Answer 1

Semantically

Question 1

What is the capacity of LTM?

Answer 1

Unlimited

Question 2

What is the duration of LTM?

Answer 2

A lifetime

Question 3

Who studied coding in LTM?

Answer 3

Baddeley

Question 4

What aspect of LTM did Baddeley (1966) study?

Answer 4

Coding in LTM

Question 5

What was the procedure of Baddelely (1966)’s study of LTM?

Answer 5

4 groups of participants were given different word lists to remember
-Group 1: acoustically similar
-Group 2: acoustically dissimilar
-Group 3: semantically similar
-Group 4: semantically dissimilar
-The groups were then asked to recall the words from the list in the correct order after a 20 minute interval

Question 6

How many groups were there in Baddeley (1966)’s study of LTM?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What were the findings of Baddeley (1966)’s study? What did this suggest about LTM?

Answer 7

-On average, they did worse with the semantically similar words, suggesting that LTM codes semantically.

Question 8

How long did Baddeley wait before asking his participants to recall their word lists when testing LTM? Why?

Answer 8

-20 minutes
-so that info would defo be recalled from LTM

Question 10

Who studied duration in LTM?

Answer 10

Bahrick et al (1975)

Question 11

What aspect of LTM did Bahrick et al (1975) study?

Answer 11

Duration of LTM

Question 12

What was the procedure of Bahrick (1975)’s study of LTM?

Answer 12

-4 groups of participants were given different word lists to remember

Group 1: acoustically similar
Group 2: acoustically dissimilar
Group 3: semantically similar
Group 4: semantically dissimilar

-The groups were then asked to recall the words from the list in the correct order after a 20 minute interval

Question 13

How many groups were there in Baddeley (1966)’s study of LTM?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

What were the findings of Baddeley (1966)’s study? What did this suggest about LTM?

Answer 14

On average, they did worse with the semantically similar words, suggesting that LTM codes semantically.

Question 15

Who studied the duration of LTM?

Answer 15

Bahrick et al (1975)

Question 16

What was the procedure of Bahrick et al (1975)’s study

Answer 16

+392 American participants age 17-74 were studied
-High school yearbooks obtained and used to test recall of participants in various ways:
-A Photo recognition test using 50 photos
-A free recall test where participants recalled all names of their graduating class

Question 17

What were the findings of Bahrick et al (1975)’s study?

Answer 17

-Overall performance was better in photo recognition than free recall
-Accuracy for those tested within 15 years of graduating- 60% free recall, 90% photo recognition
-Accuracy for those tested 48+ years after graduating- 30% free recall, 70% photo recognition
-Suggests that LTM can have the duration of a lifetime for some material

Question 18

What is a strength for Coding,Capacity and Duration in LTM?

Answer 18

-Bahrick et al’s study has high external validity

Question 19

Explain the strength that Bahrick et al’s study has high internal validity?

Answer 19

-This is because the research is investigated, meaningful memories such as the names and faces of people from the past or went to high school with
-when studies on LTM were conducted with meaningless pictures to remembered, the recall rates were lower
-This suggests that Bahrick et al’s findings reflect a more accurate estimate for the duration of LTM

Question 20

What is a limitation of coding, capacity and duration in LTM?

Answer 20

-Baddeley’s study used artificial rather than meaningful material

Question 21

Explain the limitation that Baddeley’s study used artificial rather than meaningful material?

Answer 21

-For example, the word lists had no personal meaning to participants.
-This means that Baddeley’s findings may not tell us as much about coding in different kinds of memory tasks, especially in every day life
-when processing more meaningful information, people may use semantic code in even for STM tasks
-This suggests that the findings from the study have a limited application.