Cochrane Collection and Evidence Based Practises Flashcards
What is the Cochrane?
a global independent network of researchers, professionals, patients, carers and people interested in health named after the British Epidemiologist, promoting systemic reviews
What is a Systemic Review?
a review of a question that uses systemic and explicit methods to identify, select and critically appraise
Why do you do Random Trials?
more reliable results
Stages of Review
- formulate a problem
- locate and select studies
- critically appraise studies
- collect data
- analyse and present data
- interpret results
- improve and update reviews
What is Evidence-Based Health Care?
the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals or delivery of health services
What is Evidence-Based Clinical Practise?
the clinician uses decision-making with the best evidence available, in consultation with the patient
What is the 5 Step Model?
ask - develop a focused question
acquire - find evidence
appraise - determine validity and bias
act - apply the evidence with clinical expertise, current evidence and patient values
evaluate - evaluate effectiveness
What is Evidence-Based Medicine?
the conscientious, explicit use of current best evidence about the care of individuals using clinical expertise and evidence
Why is Evidence-Based Practise Needed? (5)
- disease levels change
- technology advances
- dif treatment philosophies
- patient expectations change
- cost-effectiveness
Why is Evidence-Based Dentistry Important?
help dentist improve patient care through informed decision making and quality of care
What are the 6 Types of Bias?
information bias
detection bias
measurement bias
selection bias
sampling bias
non-response bias
Describe Information Bias
Information - any systemic differences from the truth that arises in the collection, recall and handling
Describe 4 Types of Information Bias.
Observer - research incorrectly records data, can be influenced by expectation/belief/personal preference
Interviewer - a distortion of response related to the person interviewing e.g. social backgrounds, opinions
Recall - accuracy and recollection of participants relating to events and experiences
Reporting - information is selectively revealed or suppressed
Describe Detection Bias
the risk of outcome can be biased
- blind trials can reduce it, cant predict outcome, cant alter assessment
Describe Measurement Bias
info collected is inaccurate
Describe Selection Bias
when individuals differ systematically from those at interest
Describe Sampling Bias
some members of intended population have a higher or lower sampling propability, so there is more/less of certain type of people in the study, not reflective of wider population
Describe Non-Response Bias
some people dont want to participate
What is the Hierarchy of Evidence?
quality of evident goes up from:
expert opinion
case report
case-control study
cohort study
randomised controlled trials
systemic review
