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MICROBIOLOGY - Colloquium 1 > Cocci - DONE > Flashcards

Cocci - DONE Flashcards

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1
Q

COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI

A
  • S.epidermidis
  • S. saprophyticus
  • S. haemolyticus
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2
Q

COLONIZATION of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (epidemiology):

A
  • Nosopharynx
  • Skin
  • Clothing
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3
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS:

A

traumatic introduction

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4
Q

PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS:

A
  • Chronic infections
  • Indwelling devices
  • Skin injuries
  • Immune response defects
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5
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS:

A
  • CELL WALL
    • PROTEIN A
    • CLUMPING FACTOR
  • ENZYMES
  • TOXINS
  • ADHESINS
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6
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DISEASES:

A
  • SKIN
  • SEPTICEMIA (iv related)
  • ENDOCARDITIS
  • PNEUMONIA
  • OSTEOMYELITIS
  • FOOD POISONING
  • UTI
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7
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SKIN DISEASES:

A
  • PYOGENIC

- WITH RASH

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8
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PYOGENIC SKIN DISEASES:

A
  • FOLLICULITIS
  • FURUNCLES (boil)
  • CARBUNCLES
  • IMPETIGO
  • MASTITIS
  • WOUND INFECTIONS
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9
Q

Habitat of coagulase-negative staphylococci:

A

skin and mucous membranes

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10
Q

Cell wall of S. epidermidis:

A

glycerol-teichoic acids

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11
Q

Virulence factor of S. epidermidis:

A

“slime”

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12
Q

Mode of transmission of S. epidermidis:

A

implantation of medical devices such as catheters, shunts, and prosthetic devices

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13
Q

Habitat of S. saprophyticus:

A

skin and mucosal membranes of the genitourinary tract

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14
Q

What is S. saprophyticus a common cause of in young, sexually active females.

A

urinary tract infections

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15
Q

What is S. saprophyticus a common cause of in young, sexually active females.

A

urinary tract infections

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16
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS HAEMOLYTICUS:

A
  • IMMUNOSUPPRESSED HOSTS
  • WOUND INFECTIONS
  • BACTEREMIA
  • ENDOCARDITIS
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17
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCI LABORATORY TEST CULTURE:

A
  • CHAPMAN’S MEDIUM (mannitol salt)

- BLOOD AGAR

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18
Q

CATALASE TEST:

A
  • Bubbling = POS (STAPHYLOCOCCI, O2 generated)

- No bubbling = NEG (STREPTOCOCCI and ENTEROCOCCI, no O2 generated)

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19
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS STREPTOCOCCI:

A

SOMATIC

  • capsule HYALURONIC
  • M protein
  • OF factor
  • LTA
  • peptidase
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20
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES DISEASES:

A
  • PHARYNGITIS
  • SCARLET FEVER
  • RHEUMATIC FEVER
  • ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
  • PYOGENIC SKIN INFECTIONS
    • Impetigo, erisipelas, cellulitis
  • NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
  • STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME
21
Q

EXTRACELLULAR STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

A
  • PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS
  • HEMOLYSINS: SLO, SLS
  • ENZYMES: DNA-ase, Hyaluronidase, Streptokinase, Proteinase, Amylase, Esterase
22
Q

CLINICAL PICTURE OF ‘’STREP” THROAT:

A
  • I P: 2 - 4 days
  • Malaise
  • Sore throat
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Kids also:
    • Nausea
    • Vomiting
    • Abdominal pain
23
Q

SCARLET FEVER (Streptococcus):

A
  • rash (pyrogenic toxins )

- strawberry tongue

24
Q

STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS COMPLICATIONS SUPPURATIVE:

A
  • Peritonsillar cellulitis or abscess
  • Otitis media
  • Acute sinusitis
  • Meningitis
25
Q

ARF =

A

acute rheumatic fever

26
Q

STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS COMPLICATIONS NONSUPPURATIVE:

A
  • ARF (acute rheumatic fever)

- AGN (Acute Glomerulo-Nephritis)

27
Q

AGN =

A

acute Glomerulo-Nephritis

28
Q

ARF (acute rheumatic fever):

A
  • Carditis
  • Polyarthritis
  • Chorea
  • Subcutaneous nodules
  • Erythema
29
Q

AGN (Acute Glomerulo-Nephritis):

A
  • Edema
  • Hypertension
  • Proteinuria
    • After 10 days of pharyngitis
    • 3 weeks of pyoderma
    • LAB: HRA circulating Antibodies
30
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE EPIDEMIOLOGY:

A
  • Asymptomatic colonization
  • Transmission to neonates
    • Vertical
    • Infant to infant
31
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE PATHOGENESIS:

A

VIRULENCE FACTORS:

  • THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN
  • CAPSULE
  • HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES
32
Q

STEREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE CAN CAUSE:

A
  • MAJOR RESPIRATORY TRACT PATHOGEN
  • Pneumonias
  • Meningitis
  • Otitis media (Children)
33
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE EPIDEMIOLOGY:

A
  • Closed communities
  • Men > women
  • Above 40 y. 3-4 times often
  • Winter/ early spring
  • Nasopharyngeal carriage
  • 5% adults
  • 15% children
34
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE PATHOGENESIS:

A
  • CAPSULE (polysaccharide)
  • PNEUMOLYSIN O
  • NEURAMINIDASE
  • Ig A PROTEASE
35
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP D AND ENTEROCOCCUS:

A
  • GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI
  • CATALASE (-)
  • Members of the gut flora
  • Emerge of VRE = Vancomycin resistant Enterococci
  • Diseases:
    • Bacteremia
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Wound infections
    • Endocarditis
36
Q

ENTEROCOCCI:

A
  • E.faecalis
  • E. faecium
  • E. durans
37
Q

GROUP D STREPTOCOCCI:

A
  • S. bovis

- S. equinus

38
Q

ENTEROCOCCI PATHOGENESIS:

A
  • Hemolysins
  • Proteases
  • Aggregation substances
  • Lipoteichoic acid
  • Hyaluronidase
39
Q

GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI - MICROAEROPHILIC:

A
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae

- Neisseria meningitidis

40
Q

GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI - AEROBIC:

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

41
Q

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE EPIDEMIOLOGY:

A
  • STD – GONORRHEA
  • HUMANS ONLY
  • ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIAGE
42
Q

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE VIRULENCE FACTORS

A
  • Fimbrae (common pili)- enhance the ability of bacterial cells to adhere to host cells and to each other
  • Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
  • IgA protease
  • β-lactamase

OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS:

  • Por proteins (Protein I): demonstrated in patients with disseminated disease; also found in rectal cultures of male homosexuals; resistant to serum bactericidal effects
  • Opa proteins (Protein II): sensitive to bactericidal effects; associated with adherence to mucosal cells
  • Rmp proteins (Protein III): major binding site for immunoglobin-G – blocking antibody
43
Q

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE :DISEASES

A
  • URETHRITIS
  • CERVICITIS
  • SALPINGITIS
  • P I D
  • PROCTITIS
  • BACTERIEMIA
  • ARTHRITIS
  • CONJUCTIVITIS
  • PHARYNGITIS
44
Q

NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS EPIDEMIOLOGY:

A
  • HUMANS ONLY
  • Colonization of nosopharynx (asymptomatic carriage)
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Worldwide (Epidemics in developing countries)
  • Dry & cold season
45
Q

RISK GROUPS of NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS:

A
  • children < 5 years, soldiers,

- patients with complement deficiencies

46
Q

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES of NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS:

A
  • Capsular polysaccharide: nine serotypes
    • A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z, W135, 29E.
  • Contribute to invasive properties by inhibiting phagocytosis
47
Q

NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS DISEASES:

A
  • MENINGITIS, MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
    • Serogroups B, C
  • PNEUMONIA
    • Serogroups Y, W135
  • BACTERIEMIA
  • ARTHRITIS
  • URETHRITIS
    • In developing countries infections by serogroup A
48
Q

NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:

A
  • Bacteremia (meningococcemia)

* Appearance of skin petechiae

49
Q

READ

A

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MICROBIOLOGY - Colloquium 1 (9 decks)

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