Coasts - Test

Question 1

What is a coast

Answer 1

A place where the land meets the sea

Question 2

4 main coastal uses

Answer 2

Industrial
Recreational
Residential
Environmental

Question 3

What are the two types of waves?

Answer 3

Constructive and destructive

Question 4

What does dynamic system mean?

Answer 4

Constantly changing

Question 5

What causes the largest waves?

Answer 5

strong wind for a long time

Question 6

What is weathering?

Answer 6

The deterioration of rock in situ by the action of the weather

Question 7

What is erosion?

Answer 7

Breaking up and moving away pieces of the cliff (e.g. Freeze thaw) by wave action

Question 8

Abrasion - cliff foot erosion

Answer 8

When the sea hurls pebbles and sand again the base of the cliff which chips and grinds them down

Question 9

Corrosion - cliff foot erosion

Answer 9

Is when the seawater reacts with chemicals and minerals in the rock causing them to dissolve

Question 10

Attrition - cliff foot erosion

Answer 10

When rocks are rounded and broken down as they continually collide against each other and into landforms

Question 11

Hydraulic action - cliff foot erosion

Answer 11

When the powerful waves force air into tit cracks

The pressure of the air forces cracks to grow and the rock starts to break up

Question 12

Freeze thaw (type of weathering) - cliff face erosion [sub-aerial]

Answer 12

Rock disintegrates and decays in situ as a result of frost

Question 13

Mass movement - cliff face erosion [sub-aerial]

Answer 13

The movement of material downslope by gravity including landslide and cliff collapse

Question 14

Wind action (a type of weathering)- cliff face erosion [sub-aerial]

Answer 14

Describes the negative effect strong or consistent winds can have on a coastline

Question 15

What causes waves?

Answer 15

The transfer of energy from the wind blowing over the surface of the sea

Question 16

Fetch

Answer 16

The length of water over which the wind blows

Question 17

The longer the fetch the?…

Answer 17

Larger the wave

Question 18

The shorter the length of time the wind blows?…

Answer 18

The smaller the waves

Question 19

The larger the wave the more ________ it will have

Answer 19

Energy

Question 20

What causes the shape of a cliff?

Answer 20

Weathering and erosion

Question 21

Steep cliffs only form in areas with ______

Answer 21

Hard rock

Question 22

Name 2 types of hard rock

Answer 22

Limestone and chalk

Question 23

Gentle cliffs that look they will crumble are for,ed I’m areas with _____

Answer 23

Soft rock

Question 24

Name two types of soft rock

Answer 24

Clay and shale - CRUMBLE EASILY

Question 25

What causes a wave- cut notch?

Answer 25

Between low and high tide, the waves attack the base of the cliff, the processes of *hydraulic action, abrasion and corrosion.*the cliff will eventually be undercut.

Question 26

What happens to the overhanging cliff?

Answer 26

It eventually becomes unstable and collapses

Question 27

What happens after the overhanging cliff collapses?

Answer 27

The cliff has now retreated

Question 28

After the cliff continues to retreat, what happens?

Answer 28

A wave- cut platform is formed, which is exposed at low tide (because there's little erosion below the low tide mark)

Question 29

State the order of the stack and stump formation

Answer 29

``` Cracks Cave Arch Stack Stump ```

Question 30

What do you need to form a spit?

Answer 30

Longshore drift Break in coastline (e.g. Corner) Shallow, sheltered water