COASTS PAPER 1 Flashcards
paper 1
what parts are the littoral zone?
what actually is the littoral zone?
what is the back shore?
what is the foreshore?
back shore, near shore, foreshore and the off shore
the littoral zone is where large body of water meets land and is subjected to waves
the back shore is the furthest point on land form the sea
the foreshore is where the sand and the sea meet
the near shore is where the water and the sand create a shallow area as it is the area which waves are closest to the land
the offshore is where greatest distance of the land
what are the different types of coastline? what are the different types of geology on a cliff?
why is the cliff face a dynamic zone?
emergent - above sea level
submergent - below sea level
estuarine coastline- by river mouth
concordant coastline - made up of same band of rock
discordant coastline - cliff is made up of different types of rock
the cliff is experiencing CONSTANT CHANGE e.g erosion, deposition, increased sea level
why is the geological structure of a cliff important ?
what types of rock cause erosion?
what are concordant cliffs ?
what are discordant cliffs?
what are the different types of rock?
what is strata?
what are bedding planes?
what are joints?
what is the angle of the dip?
what is the relief of the cliff?
what is the lithology?
what is morphology?
what rock is porous?
the geology of a cliff effects the rate of erosion
harder rock - less erosion
softer rock- more erosion
concordant cliff are made up of the same band of rock
discordant cliffs are made up of different types of rock
igneous( cooled magma) metamorphic( heat and pressure), sedimentary ( pressure)
strata is the layers of rock
breaks in the strata
joints are fractures in rocks, causing the bumpy cliff
the angle of the dip is the direction of the bedding planes
the relief of the cliff is the height
lithology is the physical characteristics of the rock
morphology is the shape and form of coastal landscapes
sedimentary has air holes in it making it more permeable
what causes coastal recession ?
why is the coast a system?
how do you classify a coast?
where is an example of concordant coats?
what do discordant coasts form?
- geology, sea level rise, wave type, marine erosion, sub Ariel processes
- inputs: waves, weather
processes: land slide, sub Ariel erosion, marine erosion, deposition
outputs: landforms: stacks, stumps, caves, wave cut platform - geology, energy of the coast, changes in sea level- submerging or emergent
- Dalmatian and Haff coasts
dicordant coats form headlands and bays
what are some landforms created on the coast due to coastal erosion?
where is an example of these landforms?
caves, arch, stack,stump, headland, bays, wave cut platforms
Holderness coasts, Flamborough
what are some depositional landforms?
spits, bars, tombolo( joins mainland to an island)
what is plant succession
what are the first plants that colonise land called?
what are the stage of dunes?
how do dunes form?
how do yellow dunes form?
what happens after the pioneer plants grow?
what happens after the grey dunes?
the overtaking of different plants across an area
pioneer plants
embryo dunes, yellow dunes, grey dunes, dune slack, climax
sediment get trapped around a piece of debris and build up forming an embryo dune
wind blows seed plants of dune and they start to grow forming pioneer plants.
- the pioneer plants eventually die and the plants come along use up this nutrients in the sand forming the right conditions for other plants to also join this is the grey dunes
forestry grows on the dunes reaching the climax
what are sediment cells?
what is a sediment budget?
what is positive feedback
what is negative feedback?
what is dynamic equilibrium ?
sediment cells are how sediment moves along a certain area of the coast
the amount of sediment within a sediment cell
positive feedback is where more sediment is deposited rather than eroded
when more sediment is eroded rather than deposited
dynamic equilibrium is when the same amount of sediment is being deposited and eroded
what is weathering?
what process is mass movement?
what landforms does mass movement create?
-weathering is a sub Ariel process of mechanical weathering, wetting and drying, biological weathering and chemical weathering which erodes the cliffs
-mass movement is the process where land moves due to erosion and built up pressure
- mass movement creates soil creep, slumps, mudflows
what causes waves?
what is the highest point of a wave?
what is the lowest point of the wave?
what is the amplitude/ wave height?
what is the wave length?
what is the wave frequency?
what are constructive waves?
what are destructive waves ?
what are swell waves?
what is a beach profile?
what impacts the beach profile?
what are the different types of marine erosion?
prevailing winds causes friction along the surface of the water creating a wave
- highest point of a wave is the crest
- lowest point of the wave is the trough
- wave hight is from the surface to the crest of the wave
- wave length is the crest to crest or trough to trough
- wave frequency is the number of waves to pass over a point in a second
constructive waves have low energy and deposit sediment
destructive waves have high energy and erode sediment
swell waves are big destructive waves formed due to a large fetch
beach profile is how the beach looks
wave type, season, geology. lithology
different types of marine erosion include abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action and solution
what does mass movement create?
mud flows, land slips, slumps
what are the reasons for sea level change?
who are the key plays in taking action against sea level rise?
where is somewhere who is suffering as a result of sea level rise?
what are the impacts on this sea level rise
- thermal expansion- water expands when warm
- melting glaciers
- eustatic
2- governments, scientists
3- Maldive islands- people are being moved to islands on higher ground
increase in warmer sea levels puts stress on corals causing them to bleach white
