Coasts Case Study - Odisha ICZM

Question 1

What is an ICZM?

Answer 1

A continuous and repetitive process designed to promote sustainable management of coastal zones

Question 2

What objectives do ICZMs bring together?

Answer 2

A means to accept and bring together different objectives for coastal areas in such an order that multiple social, economic, cultural and environmental goals can be achieved

Question 3

Why did an ICZM work in Odisha?

Answer 3

Because a large area needed protection

Question 4

Where is Odisha?

Answer 4

The East coast of India

Question 5

Why is sustainability so important for Odisha?

Answer 5

India is a developing country where carrying out work in an economical way to reach as many goals as possible is more sustainable

Question 6

Why are the local community stakeholders?

Answer 6

The live and work in the area, so any decisions made higher up will likely affect them and their livelihoods

Question 7

Why are ecologists and wildlife specialists stakeholders?

Answer 7

Wildlife and the environment may be damaged so care must be taken to ensure that as little damage as possible is done

Question 8

Why are local government officials stakeholders?

Answer 8

The ICZM will be carried out on state owned land, and could be partially or entirely funded by the government

Question 9

Why is the Odisha Tourism Development Corporation a stakeholder?

Answer 9

Tourism is a crucial industry in the area so any negative impact would have huge social and economic repercussions

Question 10

Why is the Odisha State Pollution Control Board a stakeholder?

Answer 10

The pollution board was consulted so that any pollution caused by the ICZM could be controlled to reduce pollution in the air and water

Question 11

Why were the fishing community stakeholders?

Answer 11

Many people rely on the sea for their source of income, so fishing communities were consulted on the effects the ICZM may have on their business

Question 12

What area of mangroves was planted in Odisha?

Answer 12

1435km2

Question 13

Which organisations were involved?

Answer 13

• State government
• World Bank
• Ministry of environment, forest and climate change

Question 14

Why were mangroves necessary?

Answer 14

Mangroves provide habitats for endangered species such as the Olive Ridley turtle, as well as protecting the coast from erosion

Question 15

When was the ICZM pilot project?

Answer 15

2010 - 2015

Question 16

What are the benefits of planting mangroves?

Answer 16

• Wind and swell waves reduced
• Flooding impacts of storm surges reduced
• Tsunami heights reduced
• Roots bind and build soils
• Cheap to plant

Question 17

Where is Odisha?

Answer 17

A coastal state of North Eastern India.

Question 18

What is the total amount of coastline?

Answer 18

Has 485km of coastline

Question 19

What was the population in 2018?

Answer 19

46 million - continues to grow at rapid rate - 13% in 10 years

Question 20

How much of Odisha is stable?

Answer 20

14.4% meaning entire area is undergoing constant change

Question 21

What is Odisha at risk from by bordering the Bay of Bengal?

Answer 21

Large tropical storms, frequency + intensity of these will likely increase due to climate change

Question 22

In 2013 how many acres of farmland did Cyclone Phailin destroy and how many people were evacuated?

Answer 22

Destroyed 500,000 ha of farmland and led to 1 million people being evacuated

Question 23

How is Odisha resilient?

Answer 23

• All management plans proposed under the ICZM are designed to be resilient and sustainable in terms of dealing with coastal processes, tropical storms + human threats like tourism now and into future
• Despite ongoing risk from cyclones which causes huge damage like how Phailin killed 44 people, the pole stay resolute in their desire to stay.

Question 24

How is Odisha adaptive?

Answer 24

• Major focus of scheme is to provide fishing families with alternative source of income to remove their need to live on coast e.g. dairy or poultry farmers
• People are now well used to reviewing management strategies and have become increasingly adaptable to deal with proposed changes

Question 25

How is Odisha mitigating?

Answer 25

• Before tropical storm the authorities now broadcast warnings, conduct staged evacuation and provide relief supplies ahead of storm
• Wetlands international (NGO) is now working with Odishans to plant mangroves along the coast to provide a natural barrier to erosion and storm surges, and this is a benefit because they are able to cope with rising sea level