Coasts Case Study - Odisha ICZM Flashcards
What is an ICZM?
A continuous and repetitive process designed to promote sustainable management of coastal zones
What objectives do ICZMs bring together?
A means to accept and bring together different objectives for coastal areas in such an order that multiple social, economic, cultural and environmental goals can be achieved
Why did an ICZM work in Odisha?
Because a large area needed protection
Where is Odisha?
The East coast of India
Why is sustainability so important for Odisha?
India is a developing country where carrying out work in an economical way to reach as many goals as possible is more sustainable
Why are the local community stakeholders?
The live and work in the area, so any decisions made higher up will likely affect them and their livelihoods
Why are ecologists and wildlife specialists stakeholders?
Wildlife and the environment may be damaged so care must be taken to ensure that as little damage as possible is done
Why are local government officials stakeholders?
The ICZM will be carried out on state owned land, and could be partially or entirely funded by the government
Why is the Odisha Tourism Development Corporation a stakeholder?
Tourism is a crucial industry in the area so any negative impact would have huge social and economic repercussions
Why is the Odisha State Pollution Control Board a stakeholder?
The pollution board was consulted so that any pollution caused by the ICZM could be controlled to reduce pollution in the air and water
Why were the fishing community stakeholders?
Many people rely on the sea for their source of income, so fishing communities were consulted on the effects the ICZM may have on their business
What area of mangroves was planted in Odisha?
1435km2
Which organisations were involved?
- State government
- World Bank
- Ministry of environment, forest and climate change
Why were mangroves necessary?
Mangroves provide habitats for endangered species such as the Olive Ridley turtle, as well as protecting the coast from erosion
When was the ICZM pilot project?
2010 - 2015
What are the benefits of planting mangroves?
- Wind and swell waves reduced
- Flooding impacts of storm surges reduced
- Tsunami heights reduced
- Roots bind and build soils
- Cheap to plant
Where is Odisha?
A coastal state of North Eastern India.
What is the total amount of coastline?
Has 485km of coastline
What was the population in 2018?
46 million - continues to grow at rapid rate - 13% in 10 years
How much of Odisha is stable?
14.4% meaning entire area is undergoing constant change
What is Odisha at risk from by bordering the Bay of Bengal?
Large tropical storms, frequency + intensity of these will likely increase due to climate change
In 2013 how many acres of farmland did Cyclone Phailin destroy and how many people were evacuated?
Destroyed 500,000 ha of farmland and led to 1 million people being evacuated
How is Odisha resilient?
- All management plans proposed under the ICZM are designed to be resilient and sustainable in terms of dealing with coastal processes, tropical storms + human threats like tourism now and into future
- Despite ongoing risk from cyclones which causes huge damage like how Phailin killed 44 people, the pole stay resolute in their desire to stay.
How is Odisha adaptive?
- Major focus of scheme is to provide fishing families with alternative source of income to remove their need to live on coast e.g. dairy or poultry farmers
- People are now well used to reviewing management strategies and have become increasingly adaptable to deal with proposed changes
How is Odisha mitigating?
- Before tropical storm the authorities now broadcast warnings, conduct staged evacuation and provide relief supplies ahead of storm
- Wetlands international (NGO) is now working with Odishans to plant mangroves along the coast to provide a natural barrier to erosion and storm surges, and this is a benefit because they are able to cope with rising sea level
