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Geography Case Studies > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

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1
Q

What soft rock is the North Solent coastline mainly made of?

A

Bracklesham - silt and sands

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2
Q

Why is the wave energy input at the North Solent coastline low?

A

Small fetch, created by local sources, constructive

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3
Q

How much sediment is inputted to the North Solent coastline?

A

100,000m3 per year (80% marine, fluvial and some from cliff erosion)

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4
Q

How much sediment is dredged from the North Solent coastline?

A

160,000m3 per year - creating a 60,000m3 deficit

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5
Q

By how much is the Chilling and Brownwich cliffs eroding?

A

28cm per year

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6
Q

What type of erosion is occurring at the Chilling and Brownwich cliffs?

A

Basal undercutting leading to slope failure and mass movement

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7
Q

What is the SMP for the Chilling and Brownwich Cliffs?

A

No active intervention

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8
Q

What has happened as the spit has grown across the Meon Estuary?

A

A marshland has formed behind (now a nature reserve)

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9
Q

How many storms has there been at the North Solent coastline?

A

18 in the last 3 years

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10
Q

What is the SMP for the Meon Estuary and Hill Head area?

A

Hold the line

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11
Q

What is being done to hold the line at the Meon Estuary and Hill Head area?

A

Marina controlled by floodgates, 3,000m3 of gravel added and recharged, groynes, sea wall

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12
Q

Where has the sediment come from at Lee-On-Solent?

A

Cliff retreat further north - Chilling and Brownwich

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13
Q

What landform does sediment accumulation form?

A

Beaches - stable enough to hold vegetation

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14
Q

What is the SMP for the beaches at Lee-On-Solent?

A

Advance / hold the line

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15
Q

How was the line advanced at the beaches of Lee-On-Solent?

A

300,000m3 of gravel added, beach extended out to sea by 30m

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16
Q

How is the line being now held at the Lee-On-Solent beaches?

A

Groynes

17
Q

What is the Odisha coastline like?

A

480km long, very flat and low, high energy environment

18
Q

How does the Odisha coastline contrast to the North Solent coastline?

A

Large vulnerable population, only 2% engineered, exposed to cyclones/sea level change

19
Q

How much sediment is moved at the Odisha coastline?

A

1.5 million tonnes per year

20
Q

What opportunities are available along the Odisha coastline?

A

Flat land for settlements, 35% of coast has mineral deposits, energy resources, fishing, tourism

21
Q

What risks are there to the area?

A

Rates of erosion increased, more cyclones, inappropriate hard engineering caused starvation further along shore

22
Q

1999 Odisha Cyclone characteristics

A

Strongest cyclone in North Indian Ocean with 160mph winds and 5-6m storm surge

23
Q

How many people died in the 1999 cyclone compared to the 2013 cyclone in Odisha?

A 
1999 = 10,000
2013 = 47
24
Q

How many people evacuated before the 2013 Cyclone Phailin in Odisha?

A

1 million

25
Q

What groups are in the ICZM?

A

The ministry of forest and environments, the Indian government and the world bank

26
Q

What are the key issues of the Odisha coastline?

A

Eroding, vulnerable, biodiversity conservation, livelihood security, protection of environment and culture

27
Q

How has management of the Odisha coastline been successful?

A

203 cyclone shelters built, diversification of jobs, evacuation drills, planting mangroves

28
Q

What is the Odisha coastline like?

A

480km long, very flat and low, high energy environment

29
Q

How does the Odisha coastline contrast to the North Solent coastline?

A

Large vulnerable population, only 2% engineered, exposed to cyclones/sea level change

30
Q

How much sediment is moved at the Odisha coastline?

A

1.5 million tonnes per year

31
Q

What opportunities are available along the Odisha coastline?

A

Flat land for settlements, 35% of coast has mineral deposits, energy resources, fishing, tourism

32
Q

What risks are there to the area?

A

Rates of erosion increased, more cyclones, inappropriate hard engineering caused starvation further along shore

33
Q

1999 Odisha Cyclone characteristics

A

Strongest cyclone in North Indian Ocean with 160mph winds and 5-6m storm surge

34
Q

How many people died in the 1999 cyclone compared to the 2013 cyclone in Odisha?

A 
1999 = 10,000
2013 = 47
35
Q

How many people evacuated before the 2013 Cyclone Phailin in Odisha?

A

1 million

36
Q

What groups are in the ICZM?

A

The ministry of forest and environments, the Indian government and the world bank

37
Q

What are the key issues of the Odisha coastline?

A

Eroding, vulnerable, biodiversity conservation, livelihood security, protection of environment and culture

38
Q

How has management of the Odisha coastline been successful?

A

203 cyclone shelters built, diversification of jobs, evacuation drills, planting mangroves

Geography Case Studies (4 decks)

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