Coasts Flashcards
What soft rock is the North Solent coastline mainly made of?
Bracklesham - silt and sands
Why is the wave energy input at the North Solent coastline low?
Small fetch, created by local sources, constructive
How much sediment is inputted to the North Solent coastline?
100,000m3 per year (80% marine, fluvial and some from cliff erosion)
How much sediment is dredged from the North Solent coastline?
160,000m3 per year - creating a 60,000m3 deficit
By how much is the Chilling and Brownwich cliffs eroding?
28cm per year
What type of erosion is occurring at the Chilling and Brownwich cliffs?
Basal undercutting leading to slope failure and mass movement
What is the SMP for the Chilling and Brownwich Cliffs?
No active intervention
What has happened as the spit has grown across the Meon Estuary?
A marshland has formed behind (now a nature reserve)
How many storms has there been at the North Solent coastline?
18 in the last 3 years
What is the SMP for the Meon Estuary and Hill Head area?
Hold the line
What is being done to hold the line at the Meon Estuary and Hill Head area?
Marina controlled by floodgates, 3,000m3 of gravel added and recharged, groynes, sea wall
Where has the sediment come from at Lee-On-Solent?
Cliff retreat further north - Chilling and Brownwich
What landform does sediment accumulation form?
Beaches - stable enough to hold vegetation
What is the SMP for the beaches at Lee-On-Solent?
Advance / hold the line
How was the line advanced at the beaches of Lee-On-Solent?
300,000m3 of gravel added, beach extended out to sea by 30m
How is the line being now held at the Lee-On-Solent beaches?
Groynes
What is the Odisha coastline like?
480km long, very flat and low, high energy environment
How does the Odisha coastline contrast to the North Solent coastline?
Large vulnerable population, only 2% engineered, exposed to cyclones/sea level change
How much sediment is moved at the Odisha coastline?
1.5 million tonnes per year
What opportunities are available along the Odisha coastline?
Flat land for settlements, 35% of coast has mineral deposits, energy resources, fishing, tourism
What risks are there to the area?
Rates of erosion increased, more cyclones, inappropriate hard engineering caused starvation further along shore
1999 Odisha Cyclone characteristics
Strongest cyclone in North Indian Ocean with 160mph winds and 5-6m storm surge
How many people died in the 1999 cyclone compared to the 2013 cyclone in Odisha?
1999 = 10,000 2013 = 47
How many people evacuated before the 2013 Cyclone Phailin in Odisha?
1 million
