Coasts

Question 1

formation of a stack

Answer 1

• large crack occurs due to hydraulic action
• The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion the cave gradually becomes larger
• The cave breaks through the head land forming an arch
• The Arch erodes and eventually collapses
• this leaves a tall rock called a stack
• The stack is eroded forming a stump

Question 2

constructive coastline

Answer 2

• swash is stronger than backwash

- deposits material, builds up beaches

Question 3

destructive coastline

Answer 3

• backwash is stronger than swash
• takes material off the beach
• erodes the coast

Question 4

formation of a spit

Answer 4

• longshore drift moves material along the coastline
• spit forms when the material is deposited
• the spit grows and develops a hook if wind direction changes further out
• waves cannot get past the spit which creates a sheltered area where silt is deposited and mud flats or salt marshes form

Question 5

formation of a bar

Answer 5

a bar is formed as a spit grows across a bay joining up two headlands

Question 6

formation of a tombolo

Answer 6

• change in shape of a headland resulting in the formation of a spit
• spit grown out from the mainland joins to an island creating a tombolo