Coasts

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

Breakdown of rocks in situ (rock isn’t taken away or moved) by biological and chemical processes

Question 2

Erosion

Answer 2

Wearing away and removal of land by the sea and rivers

Question 3

Mass Movement

Answer 3

Downhill Movement of weathered rock caused by gravity

Question 4

Chemical Weathering

Answer 4

Weathering caused by reactions eg. seawater with chalk or limestone, acid rain

Question 5

Physical Weathering

Answer 5

Weathering of rock be processes like freeze thaw or onion skin

Question 6

Biological weathering

Answer 6

weathering by plants or animals burrowing into the ground

Question 7

Attrition

Answer 7

the waves cause rocks and pebbles to bump into each other and break into smaller pieces

Question 8

Hydraulic Action

Answer 8

the power of moving water

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

the dissolving of rocks such as limestone and chalk

Question 10

Abrasion

Answer 10

fragments of rock are picked up by the waves and hurled at the cliff. The rocks scrape and gouge the rock on the cliff face

Question 11

Constructive Waves

Answer 11

build up beaches, calm weather

Question 12

Destructive Waves

Answer 12

erode the coast, stormy conditions, high energy

Question 13

Constructive wave height

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

Constructive wave length

Answer 14

long

Question 15

Constructive wave type of break

Answer 15

spilling

Question 16

Constructive wave swash strength

Answer 16

strong

Question 17

Constructive wave backwash strength

Answer 17

weak

Question 18

Constructive wave net beach sediment

Answer 18

gain

Question 19

Destructive wave height

Answer 19

high

Question 20

Destructive wave length

Answer 20

short

Question 21

Destructive wave type of break

Answer 21

plunging

Question 22

Destructive wave swash

Answer 22

weak

Question 23

Destructive wave backwash

Answer 23

strong

Question 24

Destructive wave net beach sediment

Answer 24

loss

Question 25

Cliff Top + Face affected by ___________

Answer 25

Weathering - acid rain, freeze thaw

Question 26

Cliff Foot affected by ___________

Answer 26

Erosion - waves (destructive)

Question 27

Factors affecting the speed of coastal erosion

Answer 27

prevailing wind direction winter storms destructive waves rock type

Question 28

Swash

Answer 28

water running up the beach and bringing sediment

Question 29

Backwash

Answer 29

water moving back down the beach and taking sediment

Question 30

Wavelength

Answer 30

the distance between the top of one wave and the next

Question 31

Fetch

Answer 31

distance the wave travels longer the fetch, bigger the wave

Question 32

what happens as a wave approaches the beach before it breaks

Answer 32

slows as it approaches as a result of friction between the water and the seabed

Question 33

what motion do the molecules go to and from in a wave

Answer 33

from a circular motion to more elliptical

Question 34

Crest

Answer 34

peak of the wave

Question 35

Trough

Answer 35

bottom of the wave

Question 36

the stronger the wind the _______ the wave

Answer 36

larger

Question 37

How does Hydraulic Action contribute to coastal erosion?

Answer 37

Waves force air into cracks in rocks, increasing pressure, which causes cracks to widen and eventually break apart

Question 38

What is Longshore Drift?

Answer 38

The process where waves move sediment along the coastline at an angle due to the prevailing wind direction

Question 39

How does deposition occur?

Answer 39

Deposition happens when waves lose energy and drop sediment , forming beaches, spits, and sand dunes

Question 40

What erosional landforms are created by coastal erosion?

Answer 40

Wave-cut notches and platforms, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps

Question 41

How are caves, arches, stacks, and stumps formed?

Answer 41

Cracks in a cliff widen due to erosion, forming caves. Continued erosion deepens the cave into an arch, which eventually collapses to form a stack. The stack then erodes further to become a stump

Question 42

What depositional landforms are created by coastal deposition?

Answer 42

Beaches, spits, bars, and sand dunes

Question 43

What is a spit and how does it form?

Answer 43

A spit is a narrow strip of land formed by longshore drift depositing sediment when waves lose energy, usually in a sheltered area

Question 44

What is the difference between hard engineering and soft engineering in coastal management?

Answer 44

Hard engineering involves artificial structures to reduce erosion (e.g. , sea walls, groynes), while soft engineering uses natural methods (e.g., dune stabilization, beach nourishment)

Question 45

What are the advantages and disadvantages of groynes?

Answer 45

Groynes trap sediment to build up beaches and protect cliffs but they are visually unappealing and cause erosion elsewhere by interrupting sediment flow

Question 46

What is managed retreat in coastal management?

Answer 46

A strategy that allows erosion to continue naturally while planning adaptations for affected areas instead of actively preventing it

Question 47

How does beach nourishment work?

Answer 47

Sand is added to beaches to replace material lost through erosion, maintaining the beach for tourism and coastal protection