Coasts

Question 1

What is mass movement

Answer 1

Movement of sediment due to gravity

Question 2

Describe the process of slumping

Answer 2

Form of mas movement
Ground becomes very saturated due to rainfall
Decreases stability, causing it to slump

Question 3

What feature forms at discordant coastlines

Answer 3

Headlands and Bays

Question 4

What is a concordant coastline

Answer 4

Bands of rock run parallel to the coastline

Question 5

What is a discordant coastline

Answer 5

Bands of rock run perpendicular to the coastline

Question 6

What factors affect the size of wave

Answer 6

Fetch, depth of water, energy

Question 7

What is weathering

Answer 7

The breaking down of rock in situ

Question 8

Name 4 main processes of coastal transportation

Answer 8

Solution
Suspension
Saltation
Traction

Question 9

Name 3 examples of hard engineering

Answer 9

Sea Walls
Revetments
Tetrapods

Question 10

Explain how LSD moves materials

Answer 10

Direction of prevailing wind

Swash goes at an angle up the beach

Backwash brings it straight back down

Question 11

What is the function of groynes

Answer 11

Prevent the loss of sediment

Question 12

How can groynes impact areas down drift

Answer 12

Starve other beaches of sediment

Question 13

Describe freeze-thaw weathering

Answer 13

Occurs to rock in situ
Water its into cracks of the rocks
When they freeze they expand, putting pressure on the rock
Causing them to crack

Question 14

Explain the formation of a wave cut platform

Answer 14

Waves attack the base of a cliff and erode it (HA, QA, Ab)
This starts to form a cave
More erosion causes the cliff face to collapse
Collapsed materials gets smoothened out due to erosion

Question 15

What are the 4 main types of erosion

Answer 15

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Quarrying
Solution

Question 16

Describe the characteristics of a constructive wave

Answer 16

Strong swash
Weak Backwash
Long wave length
Short wave height
Deposition > erosion

Question 17

Describe the characteristics of a destructive wave

Answer 17

Weak swash
Strong backwash
Short wave length
Tall wave height
Erosion > deposition

Question 18

What are gabions

Answer 18

Rocks in cages used to prevent erosion

Question 19

What is attrition

Answer 19

Sediment colliding together causing it to break and become smoother

Question 20

Explain the formation of a spit

Answer 20

Occurs in the direction of the PW
LSD occurs along the coastline, until
A change in shape of the land
Sediment gets deposited forming a spit

Question 21

what is abrasion

Answer 21

Rocks thrown at cliff faces from waves, eroding the face

Question 22

What is corrasion

Answer 22

Water is rocks are thrown at the cliff face

Question 23

What is cost benefit analysis

Answer 23

Takes into account the value of the land and the cost to protect it

Question 24

What is a emergent coastline

Answer 24

When land rises above the sea

Question 25

What is eustatic sea-level change

Answer 25

Global change Caused by the rising and falling of sea-levels caused by ice-ages

Question 26

What is isostatic sea-level change

Answer 26

Localised change The rise or fall of sea level due to changes in land

Question 27

Describe the characteristics of High energy environments

Answer 27

High erosion Strong winds Destructive waves Erosional features

Question 28

What is a ICZM

Answer 28

Integrated Coastal Zone Management Takes into account stakeholders, locals and other areas Holistic approach

Question 29

Describe the characteristics of a low energy enviroment

Answer 29

High deposition Constructive waves Weak winds

Question 30

What is the sediment budget

Answer 30

Balance between change sin sediment inputs and outputs

Question 31

What is a SMP

Answer 31

Shoreline management plan

Question 32

What are the approaches to manage coastlines

Answer 32

Managed retreat Hold the line Do nothing Advance the line

Question 33

What are 2 coastal management strategies

Answer 33

Hard engineering Soft engineering

Question 34

Examples of hard engineering

Answer 34

Sea Walls Groynes Rock Armour Revetments

Question 35

Examples of soft engineering

Answer 35

Beach Nourishment Dune Stabilisation Managed retreat