Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Edexcel B Geography > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What’s the fetch

A

The distance of sea that a wave travels before it meets land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s the swash and backwash

A

Swash: the water that flows into the shore

Backwash: the water that runs back out to sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors cause a bigger wave

A

Strong wind

Travelling along a bigger distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s a constructive wave

A

A wave that creates new land it’s swash is strong than its backwash and deposits more than it takes away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s a destructive wave

A

A wave that erodes more land it’s backwash is strong than it’s swash so it drags shingle and sand away from the beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 types of erosion and what do they do

A

Hydronic action: power of waves bashing against a coast

Abrasion: waves breaking rocks and stones against the cliff face

Attrition: rocks break down as they hit off each other to form smaller particles

Solution: acids dissolved in the sea react and breakdown rock or dissolve landscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does a cliff form

A

A steep slope of the coast

Destructive waves erode a notch in the coast, the notch becomes deeper and the un-eroded rock above is known as the overhang and it becomes so overhang that it collapses and forms a cliff and the former base of the cliff is known as the wave-cut platform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are bays and headlands formed

A

A headland is a piece of hard rock that juts into the sea. The bay is a wide curved opening into the coast.

They form when the coast is made of SR and HR the SR erodes faster than the HR and this forms an inlet called a bay and the erosion of the HR is slower so it just into the sea and forms a headland, sometimes the bay is very deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a concord ant coastline

A

When hard rock and soft rock is parallel to the sea front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a discordant coastline

A

Discordant is right angled to the seafront

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are sea caves formed

A

This is a tunnel or passage at the foot of the cliff

Waves find a weak spot (crack) in the cliff face and erodes it by hydraulic action or abrasion forming a cave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are sea arches formed

A

This is a passage that runs straight through a headland

Caves can be eroded more that it eventually cuts right through to the other side of the cave to form a sea arch. Or they form when two caves on either side of the headland meet and form a sea arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is a sea stack formed

A

This is a pillar of rock formed by a headland

When waves erode the base of a sea arch they widen and cause the roof to become unstable and collapse the former headland is then cut off and is now a sea stack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are sea stumps formed

A

This sis a stump of rock visible at low tide

Overtime erosion breaks down the sea stack and then becomes a sea stump that’s visible at low tide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is mass movement

A

This is the movement of materials down a slope can be a landslide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is marine processes

A

Land broken down by erosion

17
Q

Sub-Ariel processes

A

Is the land broken down by weathering

18
Q

What is longshore drift

A

Waves approach the beach at an angle

The swash carry’s the material up the shore at this angle

Some materials deposited

Backwash brings some materials straight out towards the sea because of gravity and slope of the beach

This process is repeated as materials are moved along the beach in a zig-zag motion

19
Q

What is a beach’s and how is it formed

A

This is an area of sand located on a beach

Waves move up the seashore and the sea deposits it’s load, finer lighter materials such as sand is deposited closer to the sea and heavier bigger rocks and dropped further away during a storm

20
Q

What is a sand spit and how does it form

A

This is a long finger of sand created by deposition

This is due to longshore drift and deposition they develop when sand cannot be moved an further and the sea sediments build up over time above sea level and this gets wider and longer. The area of water behind is often sheltered from waves and wind which leads to the formation of salt marshes and if the wind changes direction the sediment carried forms a hook or curve at the end of the sand spit

21
Q

How are sandbars and lagoons formed

A

This is formed when a sand spit extends across a bay and overtime connects two land masses

A lagoon is formed is when a sandbar seals of an area and the water behind it is sheilded off from the rest of sea and is protected by the sea bar

22
Q

What are 3 types of sea protection and how do they protect the seashore

A

Grounes- prevents longshore drift trapping sand between fences and helps to build up the sea overtime and natural sea defences.

Beach replenishment- building up the sea so it’s a natural protection against the sea

Slope stabilisation- planting vegetation helps to stabilise the cliff face from slumping

Do nothing

23
Q

What is hard engineering and soft engineering

A

Hard: using concrete or stela but they are expensive and unnatural

Soft: using smaller structures that are natural and allow natural processes as a form of protection

24
Q

What’s the core

A

An area of the country that’s most economically developed in terms of industry and jobs

25
Q

What’s a periphery

A

An area of a country that’s least economically developed

26
Q

Physical factors of why London is the core of England

A

Rainfall is low in southeast

Temperature is the highest

Flattest land

27
Q

What’s the human factors of why London is the core

A

Many motorway networks

Income is highest in London

Widespread technology

28
Q

What would you find in rural areas

A

Fishing

Factory’s

Farming

Tourism

29
Q

What would you find in urban areas

A

Banking and finance

High tech computing

Media

Tourism

30
Q

What’s the pros and cons of living in rural areas like Cornwall

A

Pros: quiet, community, nature, less pollution

Cons: limited shops, lack of jobs, poor infrastructure, poor technology

31
Q

How do we reduce the gap between the rural and urban areas

A

Enterprise zones: governments offer companies help with start up costs, reduce taxes and are access to fast broadband

Regional development: grants are available in the uk and are advice garnets to help start up businesses most are in periphery areas

EU grants: these help the poorest regions which below 75% GDP of the EU average

Improvements in transport: this focuses of linking cities together. There are less rail services and motorways in rural areas which is essential to attract businesses and companies

32
Q

What is net migration

A

The difference between number of people entering and leaving a country

33
Q

What’s the open-door policy

A

EU allows people within the EU to move around freely which has impacts on member countries such as Britain

34
Q

Case study : Holderness coast

What’s the significance of its location

A

Rock type is soft (Boulder clay)

Easily eroded and likely to slump when saturated

Exposed to strong waves from the North Sea (fetch)

Harder chalk rock at flambrough head

35
Q

Case study : Holderness coast

What’s the physical factors at work

A

Costal erosion- strong waves breaking down the rock

The fastest eroding coastline in Europe

Mass movement- clay frequently slumps from the cliff after rainfall

Transportation- strong waves move the eroded material away from the coastline

36
Q

Coastline : Holderness coast

What’s the human processes at work

A

Hard engineering on some parts of the coast- rocks armour and grounes in the north in mappleton that have protected this area from erosion and cliff collapsing

Hard engineering has prevented transportation making erosion worse in areas like the south of mappleton

Edexcel B Geography (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions