Coastal management

Question 1

how many people live within the coastal zone in the UK

Answer 1

16.9 million

Question 2

how much of the UK manufacturing industry lies close to the coast

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

the coastline needs managing for 3 different general reasons…

Answer 3

coastal erosion
coastal flooding
failure of formal defences

Question 4

what is managed retreat

Answer 4

allow the coastline to retreat due to flooding and erosion but closely manage the rate and location of this retreat

Question 5

when is a cost benefit analysis carried out

Answer 5

is carried out before a coastal management project is given the go-ahead. not as good as ICZM

Question 6

cost and benefits are of 2 types … (say them and explain what they are)

Answer 6

tangible - costs and benefits are known and can be given a monetary value (eg cost of defence)
intangible - costs may be difficult to assess but are important (eg visual impact)

Question 7

beach nourishment (SE) + and -

Answer 7

+ relatively cheap and easy to maintain, looks natural, increases tourist potential by creating a bigger beach
- needs constant maintenance due to natural erosion and LSD

Question 8

dune regeneration + and -

Answer 8

+ maintains a natural coastal environment, provides important wildlife habitat, relatively cheap and sustainable
- time consuming to plant marram grass

Question 9

do nothing + and -

Answer 9

+ free and easy way out, saves money if the land is worth less than defences would cost
- houses and buildings will be damaged as erosion not prevented, over time the cliff may be eroded so far that high value land becomes at risk- so defences needed eventually

Question 10

sea walls + and -

Answer 10

+ effective, often have a promenade for people to walk on

- reflect wave energy rather than absorbing it, intrusive, unnatural looking, expensive to build and maintain

Question 11

barrages + and -

Answer 11

+ can be used to generate hydro-electricity

- obstruct the flow of sewage and controls tides, long time to construct, expensive

Question 12

offshore reefs + and -

Answer 12

+ provides new habitat, less intrusive, creates extra beach, improves bio-diversity
- hazardous for water sports, causes side deposits of mud and seaweed

Question 13

shoreline management plans (SMPs) - what do they look at?

Answer 13

look holistically at an area of coastline (take into account surrounding areas)

Question 14

SMP aims

Answer 14

thinks long term
takes into account coastal change
sustainable
takes into account the environment preservation
within the law
looks at historic and natural value of environment
adapts to the open system

Question 15

ICZM stands for…

Answer 15

integrated coastal zone management

Question 16

example of ICZM strategy

Answer 16

Odisha