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Geography- Coasts > Coastal Management > Flashcards

Coastal Management Flashcards

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1
Q

2 Main Aims of Management Strategies

A

Defend and mitigate against impacts of flooding

Protect and mitigate against impacts of erosion

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2
Q

Hold the Line

A

Maintain existing defences

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3
Q

Advance the Line

A

Build defences seaward of existing line

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4
Q

Managed Realignment / Retreat the Line

A

Allow retreat but closely manage its’ rate and location

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5
Q

Do Nothing

A

Low value land left to natural processes

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6
Q

Tangible Costs

A

Costs and benefits known
Given monetary value
i.e. Houses, infrastructure, farmland

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7
Q

Intangible Costs

A

Costs that are difficult to assess but that are important

i.e. Impacts downwind, visual impacts, ecosystem loss

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8
Q

For a management strategy to pass a CBA, how much does £1 spent have to protect?

A

£7

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9
Q

Sea Wall Advantages

A

Prevents erosion
Promenade for tourists
Flood barrier, increases height of coastline

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10
Q

Sea Wall Disadvantages

A

Reflects energy, doesn’t absorb it
Unnatural looking
Expensive to build and maintain- gaps exploited by hydraulic action

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11
Q

Rip Rap / Rock Armour Advantages

A

Absorbs large amounts of energy

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12
Q

Rip Rap / Rock Armour Disadvantages

A

Not always same lithology as surrounding area- unnatural

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13
Q

Groynes Advantages

A

Not too expensive
Works with natural processes
Increases tourist potential

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14
Q

Groynes Disadvantages

A

Unnatural
Unattractive
Starves beaches downwind, increasing erosion

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15
Q

Cliff Fixing

A

Iron bars in cliff face
Stabilises it
Absorbs wave energy

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16
Q

Cliff Fixing Advantages

A

Prevents mass movement

Hidden structure, natural appearance

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17
Q

Cliff Fixing Disadvantages

A

Cliff still eroded overtime

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18
Q

Gabions Advantages

A

Decreases erosion at foot of cliff
Relatively cheap to install
Can use local beach material to decrease visual impact

19
Q

Gabions Disadvantages

A

Unnatural
Risk of injury if mesh breaks
Ongoing maintenance costs
Short lifespan compared to other strategies

20
Q

Revetments

A

Sloping wood, concrete, or rock structures

Absorb wave energy

21
Q

Revetments Advantages

A

Relatively cheap

22
Q

Revetments Disadvantages

A

Intrusive and unnatural

High maintenance levels

23
Q

Barrages Advantages

A

Hydroelectric Power

Keeps water levels constant

24
Q

Barrages Disadvantages

A

Impacts habitats and wildlife

25
Q

Offshore Reefs

A

Man made
Causes waves to break early
Creates calmer water near shore

26
Q

Offshore Reef Advantages

A

New habitats

Involves natural processes

27
Q

Offshore Reef Disadvantages

A

Destroyed in heavy storms
May contaminate local water
Regular replenishment if eroded swiftly

28
Q

Overall conclusions about Hard Engineering

A

Long lasting and effective over planned lifespan
Expensive to build and maintain
Impact other coastal areas
Eyesore, spoils landscape and habitats

29
Q

Beach Nourishment Advantages

A

Relatively cheap
Easy to maintain
Natural looking
Increases tourism as larger beach

30
Q

Beach Nourishment Disadvantages

A

Constant maintenance due to LSD

31
Q

Dune Regeneration Advantages

A

Maintains coastal environment
Relatively cheap and sustainable
Important habitats

32
Q

Dune Regeneration Disadvantages

A

Time consuming to plant

People negatively respond to being kept off dunes

33
Q

Managed Retreat Advantages

A

Development of beaches and salt marshes

Low cost for low land value

34
Q

Managed Retreat Disadvantages

A

Compensation for farmland

Habitat loss

35
Q

Land Use Management Advantages

A

Only low value land eroded

36
Q

Land Use Management Disadvantages

A

Potential loss of tourism

37
Q

Do Nothing Advantages

A

Natural
Fairly cheap
Sediment moves downwind, benefits other areas

38
Q

Do Nothing Disadvantages

A

Compensation

Habitat loss

39
Q

Overall conclusions for Soft Engineering

A

Works with the environment
More sustainable
Arguably less effective

40
Q

Shoreline Management Key Points

A

22 in UK, roughly align with cells
Long term management
Live documents- reviewed and updated
Research for future strategy development
Policy and agenda for coastal defence management

41
Q

Integrated Coastal Zone Management Key Points

A

Can adapt to change- closely monitored
CBA- economically viable
Constant information collection- continually improved
‘Live’ sheets, improvements logged for future reference

42
Q

Cycle for Integrated Coastal Zone Management

A

Planning (CBA)
Decision Making (stakeholders consulted)
Manage, Monitor, Implement
Information Collection (improve)

43
Q

When was Integrated Coastal Zone Management created?

A

1982 Earth Summit

44
Q

Main focus of Integrated Coastal Zone Management

A

Community involvement

Geography- Coasts (7 decks)

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