Coastal Landscape Development- Landforms

Question 1

Factors affecting Coastal Landscape Development

Answer 1

Nature of waves and tides
Coastal geology 
Climate
Management 
High or low energy

Question 2

Landforms of Coastal Erosion

Answer 2

Headlands and Bays
Cliffs and Wave Cut Platforms
Caves, Arches, Stacks

Question 3

Headland and Bay Formation

Answer 3

Discordant 
Hydraulic action, abrasion- less resistant rock
More resistant rock protrudes into sea
Wave refraction- focuses energy
Low energy waves reach bays- deposition

Question 4

Cliff and Wave Cut Platform Formation

Answer 4

Waves break at foot of cliff
Abrasion, hydraulic action concentrated 
Wave cut notch
Negative feedback
Notch slowly grows
Cliff unstable, collapses, absorbs wave energy
Limits growth of w.c.p.

Question 5

Caves, Arches, Stacks Formation

Answer 5

Cracks and fractures in headland exploited
Hydraulic action, abrasion, wave quarrying
Cliff undercut overtime = cave
Cave eroded back = arch
Wave refraction focuses energy
Cliff recedes = w.c.p.
Roof collapse (aided by sub aerial processes)
Stack, stump

Question 6

Landforms of Coastal Deposition

Answer 6

Beach
Spits
Tombolos
Barrier Beaches
Barrier Islands

Question 7

Beach

Answer 7

Low energy coast
Shingle- steep, narrow
Sand- wide, flat

Question 8

Runnel

Answer 8

Grooves parallel to beach

Backwash drains to sea

Question 9

Berms

Answer 9

Ridges found at high tide marks

Sand accumulates

Question 10

Spit Formation

Answer 10

LSD
Change of land direction- finer material deposited out to sea
Estuary, river currents, increased water depth
Wave refraction
Second dominate wind direction, curved end
Low energy waves behind = finer silts and mud
Colonised by vegetation = saltmarsh

Question 11

Tombolo Formation

Answer 11

Spit
LSD causes finer sediment and pebbles to build
Constant repetition, finger of pebbles protrude out to sea
Joins island

Question 12

Barrier Beach

Answer 12

Spit joining 2 headlands

Question 13

Barrier Island Formation

Answer 13

Waves approach gently sloping coastline
Friction, waves break before shoreline
Material builds parallel to coast
Ridges of sand
Gradually increases in size

Question 14

Aeolian Landforms

Answer 14

Sand Dunes
Mudflats
Salt Marshes

Question 15

Sand Dune Formation

Answer 15

Wind deposits sand behind obstacle
Wind moves sand when above threshold fluid velocity
Saltation
Sand grains transfer KE through collisions
Sediment builds, more stable
Vegetation colonises- roots stabilise

Question 16

Sand Dune Stages

Answer 16

Embryo Dune
Fore Dune
Yellow Dune
Grey Dune
Dune Slack
Mature Dune

Question 17

Mudflat and Salt Marsh Formation

Answer 17

Sheltered, low energy
Silt and mud deposited through flocculation
Mudflat develops
Plants (salty and submerged) colonise
Trap mud and silt, builds, mudflat exposed for longer
Eventually no longer submerged
Saltmarsh forms

Question 18

Flocculation

Answer 18

Particles clump together

Heavier, so sink to seabed

Question 19

Factors impacting Coastal Landscape Development

Answer 19

Nature of waves and tides 
Geology
Management 
Climate- glacial / interglacial 
High or low energy

Question 20

Landforms as Systems: Inputs

Answer 20

Geology
Nature of waves
Strength and direction of wind

Question 21

Landforms as Systems: Components

Answer 21

Rate of rock erosion
Weathering
Wave refraction

Question 22

Landforms as Systems: Outputs

Answer 22

Features i.e. erosional, depositional