Coastal management

Question 1

How much of the worlds population live near the coast?

Answer 1

. Half of the worlds population live within 60km of the coast

Question 2

How many of the total of large cities are at the coast?

Answer 2

3/4

Question 3

Why do we manage coastal areas?

Answer 3

. tourism
. industries
. coastal protection
. fisheries
. transport

Question 4

What is hard engineering?

Answer 4

artificial structures using various materials to reduce the impact of coastal processes.

Question 5

What are groynes?

Answer 5

timber or rock structures built at right angles to the coast. They trap sediment being moved by longshore drift.

Question 5

What are the advantages of groynes?

Answer 5

. builds up the beach and increases tourist opportunities
. protects the land behind it

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of groynes?

Answer 6

. beach further up the coast maybe starved of sediment

Question 7

How much do groynes cost?

Answer 7

£5,000 to £10,000 each

Question 8

What are sea walls?

Answer 8

stone or concrete walls at the foot of a cliff which are usually curved to reflect the waves energy back out to sea

Question 9

What are the advantages of sea walls?

Answer 9

.very effective against erosion
. often make a promenade for people to walk along them

Question 10

What are the disadvantages of sea walls?

Answer 10

. very unnatural looking
. need a high level of maintenance

Question 11

How much do sea walls cost?

Answer 11

£6000 per m

Question 12

What are rip raps?

Answer 12

large rocks placed at the base of a cliff. It breaks up the energy of the waves while allowing water to pass through.

Question 13

What are the advantages of rip raps?

Answer 13

. cheap and easy to construct and maintain

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of rip raps?

Answer 14

. the rocks are usually not local so look out of place
. can be dangerous if people climb on them

Question 15

How much do rip raps cost?

Answer 15

£1000 to £3000 per metre

Question 16

What are offshore breakwaters?

Answer 16

a partly submerged barrier designed to break up the waves before they reach the coast.

Question 17

What are the advantages of offshore breakwaters?

Answer 17

an effective barrier that does not obstruct the beach in any way

Question 18

What are the disadvantages of offshore breakwaters?

Answer 18

. visually unappealing
. a potential navigation hazard

Question 19

How much do offshore breakwaters cost?

Answer 19

£1000 to £3000 per metre

Question 20

What are revetments?

Answer 20

sloping wooden or concrete structures placed at the foot of a cliff and they break up the waves energy.

Question 21

What are the advantages of reventments?

Answer 21

relatively cheap to build

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of reventments?

Answer 22

. they can cause erosion further out to sea
. usually very unattractive
. expensive to maintain

Question 23

How much do reventments cost?

Answer 23

up to £4500 per metre

Question 24

What is soft engineering?

Answer 24

where the natural environment is used to help reduce coastal erosion and river flooding

Question 25

What is beach nourishment?

Answer 25

the process where sand is dredged from the seabed and placed on the beach

Question 26

What is the advantages of beach nourishment?

Answer 26

. relativly cheap and easy to maintain . looks natural . increase tourist potential

Question 27

What are the disadvantages of beach nourishment?

Answer 27

it needs constant maintainance because of natural processes of erosion and longshore drift

Question 28

What is the cost of beach nourishment?

Answer 28

£3000 per metre

Question 29

What is cliff regrading and drainage?

Answer 29

.reducing the steepness of the cliff to help stabilize it . drainage removes the water to prevent landslides and slumping

Question 30

What are the advantages of cliff regrading and drainage?

Answer 30

. can be effective on clay or soft rock .drainage is cost effective

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of cliff regrading and drainage

Answer 31

. regrading effectively causes the cliff to retreat . drained cliffs can dry out and lead to collapse

Question 32

How much does cliff regrading and drainage cost?

Answer 32

cost is variable

Question 33

What is dune stabilisation?

Answer 33

. marram grass can be planted to stabilize dunes . areas can be fenced off to keep people off

Question 34

What are the advantages of dune stabilisation?

Answer 34

. maintains a natural environment . provides important wildlife environments . relatively cheap