coastal erosion, landforms and weathering

Question 1

What are slumps

Answer 1

when soft rock like clay is saturated with water so it slides down a curved slip plate, causing mudslides

Question 2

geo

Answer 2

:)

Question 3

how does freeze-thaw work

Answer 3

• rain water falls onto rock
• water freezes and weakens the rock
• when the ice melts the rock is eroded
• this repeats until rock breaks apart

Question 4

what is mass movement

Answer 4

downhill movement of material due to gravity

Question 5

4 types of erosion in water

Answer 5

- attrition
rocks in water knock against each other
- abrasion
when rocks  grind along a rock platform
- hydraulic action
power of the waves smash against the cliff. Air becomes trapped in the cracks in the rock and causes the rock to break apart.
- solution
sea water dissolves certain types of rocks. In the UK, chalk and limestone cliffs are prone to this type of erosion.

Question 6

how are spits and salt marshes created

Answer 6

Spits are extended stretches of beach material that projects out to sea, the material has been deposited there due to longshore drift

• Longshore drift moves material along the coastline.
• A spit forms when the material is deposited.
• Over time, the spit grows and develops a hook if wind direction changes further out.
• Waves cannot get past a spit, which creates a sheltered area where silt is deposited so salt marshes form.

Question 7

concordant and discordant coastlines

Answer 7

concordant: when types of rocks are parrallel to direction of waves
discordant: when types of rocks are laid out perpendicular to direction of waves

Question 8

concordant and discordant coastlines

Answer 8

concordant: when types of rocks are parrallel to direction of waves
discordant: when types of rocks are laid out perpendicular to the direction of waves

Question 9

Coastal sand dunes, how and benefits

Answer 9

accumulations of sand shaped into mounds and ridges due to the prevailing win (usually onshore winds)

protect coast from erosion and flooding

Question 10

Mangroves

Answer 10

between 30 degrees north and south of the equator on intertidal zones

benefits:

• provide habitats for a wide biodiversity
• protects coasts during sea surges
• remove pollutants from water

dangers:
deforestation

Question 11

Coral reefs:
conditions
benefits
dangers

Answer 11

grow in shallow waters, as require a lot of sunlight (less than 25m deep) and optimum temperature is around 24 degrees celsius

benefits:

• protects coasts from storms an destructive waves
• big tourists attraction, large financial gain
• supply a lot of food

dangers:

• overfishing
• pollution
• rising sea temperatures from global warming, leads to coral bleaching