Coastal Flashcards
What is meant by a multi-use area. Also state an example(s).
In Southampton (example), a multi-use area is defined by four inheritable traits:
1) Industrial - Exxon Mobil/Fawley, oil factory/chemical plant.
2) Recreational - River Hamble, Calshot activity centre and Keyhaven.
Why are coasts an important factor in encouraging economic development? State a case study.
Coasts are a multi-use area. Therefore, imagine that (the 4 main industry) industrial, recreational, commercial and resedential, all benefit the economy.
Industrial manufactues products;
Commercial allows boat rent; resedential lets retired workers find a peaceful retreat (think Weston) and recreational attracts tourists.
How is conflict and the needs of different users of the coast managed (shoreline Management Plan)? State a case study.
The SMMA (Soufriere Marine Management Area), Carribean, manages the Coast. There exists a conflict of tourists and enviormentalists; tourists damge the area due to reckless leisure, raising concerns from enviormentalists. To mitigate this conflict, certain sections of the Coast are divided into specified uses. i.e. Yahts tolerated area, conservation area and fishing etc.
What is weathering? List three examples.
Weathering is the destruction of rock, from both artificial and natural sources.
1) Biological Weathering:
2) Chemical Weathering:
3) Mechanical Weathering:
What is erosion? Name three examples.
Erosion is the breaking down of the Earths minearls, by forces of nature: via rock, water and wind.
1) Hydraulic Action: air pressure gets trapped by the cracks of rock from the waves. Eventaul increase in air pressure destroys a chunk of rock.
2) Abrasion: Bits of sand/pebbles grinds a cliff edge of rock.
3) Attrition: Similar to abrasion, sand and pebbles collide each other.
Describe Slumping.
1) Usually made of clay, slumping starts off, as the cliff is made of permeable rock (on top) and semi-permeable on the bottom.
2) A wave-cut notch, forms from hydraulic action erodes a cliff, the permeable rock absorbs water sources such as rainfall, waves etc. making it saturated with water.
3) The cliff becomes unstable, since the wave-cut notch, causing the cliff to fall. The sediment that fell from the sea is deposited in the water and the top of the slumping headland is called a ‘slipping plane’.
4) This causes cliff recession: when the cliff moves back to the headland.
How is a spit formed?
In Dawlish Warren, longshore drift does not go around the main land, therefore the sediment is deposited in an area isolated - with shallow waters. Behind a spit, a salt marsh is formed. And if a spit is connected unto another piece of land Bar. If it connects to an island: a tombolo.
List hard engineering methods, state a case study:
Case Study: Dawlish Warren
Rip Rap - Boulders (rock armor) Wave energy is lost from the rocks (no coastal damage).
Curved Sea Wall -
Gabbion - Metal wire wrapped around pebbles
Groynes - Spaced planks of wood, face 90deg. from the sea, allowing sediment to accumalate.
State the three main soft engineering methods. State the case study.
Case study: Pevensey Bay
Reprofiling: to flatten sand via bulldozers.
Beach recycling: collect the sand from Long Shore Drift and depositing areas that lack sand.
Beach replenishment: sand from the ocean and other beaches are collected, and are deposited to the desired bay.
Explain managed
Case study: Wallsea wetland creation scheme
Managed retreat is the disposal of whatever hard or soft engineering left, allowing the wanted area to flood, creating a salt marsh.
Pros:
- Super cheap.
- Eventaully, invaluable land become valuable as animals live of it.
- Attracts tourists.
- Acts as a natural sea defence.
Cons:
- Uses up land
- Some defences might be required. (eath bunds, trees etc.)
Coastal Conflict. Explain it; state a case study.
Sea Pauling v.s. Happisburgh
Neighbouring settlements. DEFRA doesn’t have enough money, so it decides either Sea Pauling or Happisburgh is funded to have hard sea defences. Sea Pauling is chosen due to its superior economic value, thus Happisburgh is left to erode awaaaaaay.
Integral
The Blue Plan in the mediterrenean, one of the few rules:
- Developing in-land tourist resorts.
- Fines for tourists using the wrong section of the Coasts,
-
MAP NOTES:
ALong the corridor up the stairs
Always 6 figures
