Coal, Iron and Steel (4,6,7)

Question 1

What is coal

Answer 1

Carbon rich sediment desposit

Question 2

What is the formula for coal to heat

Answer 2

Coal+oxygen > heat + co2 + h2o

Question 3

What else does coal contain

Answer 3

Volitiles

Question 4

What are the volities

Answer 4

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur

Question 5

What are the minor consituants of coal?

Answer 5

Chlorine
Phoshorus
Trace elemnts

Question 6

What are the economic properties of coal

Answer 6

Hardness (easy to grind)
Calorific Value (amount of energy it gives off)
Ash content
Swell and Cake (expand when heated)

Question 7

What is coke?

Answer 7

This is the residue that remains when coal is heated until a large amount of volatiles have gone

Question 8

What is town gas

Answer 8

Methane gas produced by coal

Question 9

In what era was coal formed?

Answer 9

Carboniferous and the Permian

Question 10

How is coal formed (whats the paleo envirment)

Answer 10

Formed from the remains of fossil plants, devonian saw life develope

Question 11

What was key about the carboniferous

Answer 11

Saw widespread swamps and forrests

Question 12

what are cyclotherms?

Answer 12

Cyclic repetition of the same sed sequence due to a change in sea level

Question 13

What is seatearth

Answer 13

A fossil soil found where the plants grew beneath the coal seam

Question 14

What are the ranks of coal (4)

Answer 14

Peat
Soft Brown
Hard brown
Bituminous
Anthractie

Question 15

Where are the UK coal fields?

Answer 15

Scotland
South Yorkshire
South wales
Kent
Somerset

Question 16

Where is anthracite found?

Answer 16

Only in S Wales and Kent

Question 17

How did the varsican orgeny effect the coal seams?

Answer 17

IT folded and bended them

Question 18

What effects coal exploitation (7)

Answer 18

Coal markets
Transport Links
Coal Quality
Seam Depth
Seam thickness
Seam structure and sedimentology
Mining hazards

Question 19

What are bell pits?

Answer 19

Extremely dangerous primitive method

Question 20

What is open cast mining?

Answer 20

Open pit minies where everything is dug out to create a huge pit

Question 21

Where is an open pit mine?

Answer 21

South wales

Question 22

What is drift and slant mining

Answer 22

Where the rock is dug into from the side, it enters the coal seem. It goes horizontal as oppose to down

Question 23

What is room and pilar mining?

Answer 23

A method underground miningwhere the mine metarial is extracted and pillars and left untouched to suport the roof

Question 24

Shaft mining?

Answer 24

Downcast is air intake, upcast is air outtake. Methane gas is a danger

Question 25

What is the coal legacy?

Answer 25

Subsidance Coal tips Acid minewater discharge Derelict land

Question 26

What are the types of iron and steel?

Answer 26

``` Pure Iron Wrought iron (slags included) carbon or mid steel Cast (pig) iron Alloy Steel ```

Question 27

When was the iron age?

Answer 27

700BC to 43AD

Question 28

What is the abudance in the eaths crust?

Answer 28

5.8% in wright

Question 29

What is the abundance today for iron to be economic

Answer 29

Larger than 50%

Question 30

Iron bearing mineral

Answer 30

Magnetite FE2O3 (little numbers)

Question 31

What the natural sources of iron?

Answer 31

Claystone Blackband Ooidal

Question 32

What is the bloomery

Answer 32

Low shaft furnace, about the size of a dustbin with the furnace below ground the slag would be tapped into here. Air was blown into a hole

Question 33

Problems with the bloomery

Answer 33

Limited production in one off proces. | Iron bloom contains slag and has to be hammered

Question 34

Solution to the bloomery problems

Answer 34

raise furnace temp Make larger stone furances Locate near rivers to use water wheel furances

Question 35

Why is charcole important

Answer 35

Charcoal is needed to heat the iron

Question 36

Problems with charcoal blast furnace?

Answer 36

Needs water to turn water wheels | Deforestation

Question 37

Soultuon

Answer 37

Use coal as the energy source | Use seam engines