Coal, Iron and Steel (4,6,7) Flashcards
What is coal
Carbon rich sediment desposit
What is the formula for coal to heat
Coal+oxygen > heat + co2 + h2o
What else does coal contain
Volitiles
What are the volities
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
What are the minor consituants of coal?
Chlorine
Phoshorus
Trace elemnts
What are the economic properties of coal
Hardness (easy to grind)
Calorific Value (amount of energy it gives off)
Ash content
Swell and Cake (expand when heated)
What is coke?
This is the residue that remains when coal is heated until a large amount of volatiles have gone
What is town gas
Methane gas produced by coal
In what era was coal formed?
Carboniferous and the Permian
How is coal formed (whats the paleo envirment)
Formed from the remains of fossil plants, devonian saw life develope
What was key about the carboniferous
Saw widespread swamps and forrests
what are cyclotherms?
Cyclic repetition of the same sed sequence due to a change in sea level
What is seatearth
A fossil soil found where the plants grew beneath the coal seam
What are the ranks of coal (4)
Peat Soft Brown Hard brown Bituminous Anthractie
Where are the UK coal fields?
Scotland South Yorkshire South wales Kent Somerset
Where is anthracite found?
Only in S Wales and Kent
How did the varsican orgeny effect the coal seams?
IT folded and bended them
What effects coal exploitation (7)
Coal markets Transport Links Coal Quality Seam Depth Seam thickness Seam structure and sedimentology Mining hazards
What are bell pits?
Extremely dangerous primitive method
What is open cast mining?
Open pit minies where everything is dug out to create a huge pit
Where is an open pit mine?
South wales
What is drift and slant mining
Where the rock is dug into from the side, it enters the coal seem. It goes horizontal as oppose to down
What is room and pilar mining?
A method underground miningwhere the mine metarial is extracted and pillars and left untouched to suport the roof
Shaft mining?
Downcast is air intake, upcast is air outtake. Methane gas is a danger
What is the coal legacy?
Subsidance
Coal tips
Acid minewater discharge
Derelict land
What are the types of iron and steel?
Pure Iron Wrought iron (slags included) carbon or mid steel Cast (pig) iron Alloy Steel
When was the iron age?
700BC to 43AD
What is the abudance in the eaths crust?
5.8% in wright
What is the abundance today for iron to be economic
Larger than 50%
Iron bearing mineral
Magnetite FE2O3 (little numbers)
What the natural sources of iron?
Claystone
Blackband
Ooidal
What is the bloomery
Low shaft furnace, about the size of a dustbin with the furnace below ground the slag would be tapped into here. Air was blown into a hole
Problems with the bloomery
Limited production in one off proces.
Iron bloom contains slag and has to be hammered
Solution to the bloomery problems
raise furnace temp
Make larger stone furances
Locate near rivers to use water wheel furances
Why is charcole important
Charcoal is needed to heat the iron
Problems with charcoal blast furnace?
Needs water to turn water wheels
Deforestation
Soultuon
Use coal as the energy source
Use seam engines
