CO2 and Hydrogen transport: Lecture 2 Flashcards
Where is CO2 being produced?
in the tissues
What are the 3 byproducts of internal respiration?
- CO2
- Water
- Energy
What drives CO2 in the blood?
diffusion movements
What are the 3 ways CO2 is transported?
- Dissolved in plasma
- Bound to Hb
- Converted to bicarbonate
What % of CO2 is transported by being dissolved in the plasma?
10%
What % of CO2 is transported by being Bound to Hb?
30%
What % of CO2 is transported by being Converted to bicarbonate?
60%
Do we want many hydrogen ions in the blood? (H+)
no, because it can disturb internal cellular respiration
Hydrogen ions bind to what?
deoxyhemoglobin (Hb)
At the time when hydrogen is binding to hemoglobin what it is called?
hydroxy hemoglobin
What is the percentage of oxygen that is saturated in the venous circulation? (in the blood being pumped from the tissues to the lungs)
60-70 percent saturated with oxygen
if the venous blood is only 60-70% saturated with oxygen what does that mean?
there is some room to bind with carbon dioxide
What is the bicarbonate equilibrium reaction?
carbon dioxide and water (combined)
- carbonic anhydrase (enyme)
= carbonic acid
carbonic acid can dissociate to make
= bicarbonate and hydrogen ion
When will the bicarbonate reaction go from left the right?
at the level of the tissue
When will the bicarbonate reaction go from right to left?
at the level of the lungs
What is it called with CO2 binds with Hb?
carboxyhemoglobin
What is the hamburger effect aka the Chloride shift?
this is when HCO3- (bicarbonate) diffuses out of the red blood cell in the plasma and is replaced by a Cl- (chloride ion)
What is the reason for the chloride shift?
to ensure that bicarbonate leaves the red blood cell to make sure it does not re-bind with free-floating hydrogen ions
Why would we have to replace HCO3- with Cl- as opposed to simply just removing the
HCO3-?
because we need to keep the red blood cell neutral, the HCO3- was opposing the positive hydrogen ion (H+) meaning when it leaves it needs to have another negative ion take its place.
ie. Chloride
High CO2 is at the tissue which drives the reaction which way?
left to right
Low CO2 is in the lungs which drives the reaction which way?
right to left
What is keeping the red blood cell stable?
Chloride shift
