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HLSC 220 Pharmacotherapeutics for Health Professionals 💊 > CNS Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs - Ch. 37 > Flashcards

CNS Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs - Ch. 37 Flashcards

1
Q

What are sedatives?

A

Drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness, excitability and irritability without causing sleep

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2
Q

What are hypnotics?

A

Reduce CNS function to the point that they cause sleep
-sedative can become a hypnotic if given in large enough doses (sedative-hypnotics)

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3
Q

What are the kinds of sedative-hypnotics?

A

Benzodiazepines (more commonly used)
Barbiturates

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4
Q

What are barbiturates used for?

A

Rarely as sedative-hypnotic
Antiepileptic
Anaesthesia for short surgery

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5
Q

Example of short acting barbiturates?

A

Pentobarbital

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6
Q

Example of long acting barbiturates?

A

Phenobarbital
-antiepileptic

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7
Q

What kind of therapeutic index do barbiturates have?

A

Narrow therapeutic index
-need to be monitored

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8
Q

What is mechanism of action barbiturates?

A

Broad CNS depression action
Potentiates GABA action and mimics GABA

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9
Q

Where are barbiturates metabolised and excreted?

A

Metabolised by Liver
Excreted in urine

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10
Q

What does barbiturate overdose lead to?

A

Respiratory depression, respiratory arrest
CNS depression: sleep to coma, death

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11
Q

Why is there a reduced clinical use of barbiturates?

A

Tolerance
Physical dependence
Live enzyme induction
Abuse potential
powerful respiratory depressants
no antidote

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12
Q

What is the most-frequently prescribed sedative-hypnotic?

A

Benzodiazepines

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13
Q

Examples of long acting benzodiazepines?

A

chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, flurazepam

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14
Q

Examples of intermediate acting benzodiazepines?

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)
oxazepam

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15
Q

Examples of short-acting benzodiazepams?

A

IV Midazolam (Versed)
Triazolam
(conscious sedation)

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

A

Enhance seefyet of GABA
decerases neuronal excitability –> decreased CNS activity

17
Q

Benzodiazepines do not suppress what as much as barbiturates?

A

REM sleep

18
Q

Benzodiazepines do not increase what of other drugs?

A

Metabolism

19
Q

What kind of benzodiazepines administration does not depress respiration excessively?

A

PO

20
Q

What are benzodiazepines used for inducing sleep short term?

A

Insonnia due to anxiety
-reduces excessive sensory stimulation

21
Q

What may occur after a 3-4 week regimen of benzodiazepines has been discontinued?

A

Rebound insomnia

22
Q

What other hypnotics are used for short-term management of insomnia?

A

BZD-like drugs
Zolpidem (ambien)
Zaleplon
Zopiclone

HLSC 220 Pharmacotherapeutics for Health Professionals 💊 (31 decks)

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