Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CNS > CNS Patho III > Flashcards

CNS Patho III Flashcards

1
Q

Infection sites of the brain and the causative agents

A

Meninges
- Bacterial, Viral, Fungal

Encephalitis

  • Viral, Prions,
    • most commonly HSV, Rabies

Brain Abscess
- Bacterial, Fungal, Parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Meningitis vs Encephalitis clinical presentations

A

Headache fever,

Neck stiffness, Photophobia VS Altered mental state;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can cause neck stiffness

A

SAH and Meningitis;

  • meningeal irritation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnosis of brain infections

A

Localization, CT
CSF
Blood culture
EEG - prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CSF investigations for bact and virus

A

Bacteria: Glucose down, protein up, NEUTROPHILS
Virus: Glucose normal, protein up, lymphocytes

TB: glucose down, protein up, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give some Cx of meningitis [3]

+ 1 children;

A

Hydrocephelus

  • can be both; scarring leading to non-communicating;
  • RICP

Brain infraction
- SEPTIC arteritis, endarteritis, thromboembolic event

CRANIAL NERVE DAMAGE
- note CN passes through SAH

Children - mental retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List them encephalitis causes

A

Viral
- HSV, Measles, CMV, HIV; Varicella possible on reactivation

Children - Rubella and CMV

  • Rabies

Prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CNS components and Virus specific targets [5 viruses]

A

Neurons and Glia

  • Temporal Lobe!!! - HSV
  • Rabies! (travel by neurons!)

Motor Neuron
- Polio, Enterovirus

Dorsal Root Ganglion (sensory at the back bro)
- Varicella Zoster

Microglia
- HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HPV CPE [3]

A

Perinuclear Halo
Wrinkled nuclear membrane
Enlarged nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Cowdry bodies

A

nuclear inclusions seen in HSV, Varicella, CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rabies

  • spread
  • symptoms
  • pathology feature?
A

Infected Saliva;

Convulsions
Pharyngeal contractions when swallowing, Hydrophobia

Mania, violent motor responses;

Negri Bodies

  • nuclear inclusions in nerve cells;
    • found in cerebellum and hippocampus;

– note this is not spongiform encephalopathy lmao

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HIV Infection

Histology and CNS damage

KIV spinal tracts

A

Aseptic Meningitis, Encephalitis

Histology:
MGC, Perivascular lymphocyte cuffing; Microglial Nodules;

Spinal Cord:

  • Vacuolar Myelopathy
    • Posterior area of spinal cord: posterior column;
    • Anterior area of spinal cord: corticospinal tracts;

Presents as: weakness, stiffness legs;
- sensory loss, imbalance - DCML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HIV associated pathologies

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans, Aspergillus

CMV, Toxoplasmosis, PML Papovavirus
CNS Lymphoma

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Viral encephalitis histological features [2]

  • think of cells involved
A

Microglial Nodules
– perineuronal aggregation of activated microglia/macrophages indicative of neuronal phagocytosis

Perivascular Lymphocyte Cuffing
– means inflammation around a blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are slipper shaped nuclei cells found

A

Microglial cell aggregates
- HIV and other viral encephalitis,

  • perineuronal aggregation of activated microglia/macrophages indicative of neuronal phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Syphilis all stages

and CNS stuff

  • give me lab diagnosis
A

Primary - Chancre - ulcer
Secondary - Rashes, nodules, papules

Tertiary syphillis

  • Granulomatous, meningovascular syphilis
    • Gummatous syphilis – tumor balls of inflammation
    • can have CN defects
  • General paresis of the insane, due to cerebral atrophy, neuronal loss - dementia;
  • Spinal Cord - Posterior column demyelination, Dorsal root ganglia affected, loss of vibration, proprioception
    • joint degeneration, Charcot joints
  • — this is just due to neuro loss, sensation loss, uncontrolled blood vessels; diabetes also can
  • VDLR: venereal disease RESEARCH LAB; RPR
  • EIA - enzyme immunoassay
17
Q

ALL general fungal infection you think off

  • Condition
  • which one for meningitis
A

More or less IC state - diabetes, HIV,

Candida Albican
Cryptococcus Neoformans - capsulated yeast
-- meningitis
Aspergillus - mold
--- can have meningitis but v rare
18
Q

Gimme parasites that we learn and which one associated w HIV

A

Malaria - Plasmodium (falciparum, vivax, ovale)
Toxoplasmosis - think AIDS

Acanthamoeba; Entamoeba;
Trichomonas

19
Q

HIV brain REL whats possible [2]

A

Can be CNS lymphoma or CNS infection, toxoplasmosis

20
Q

What are Prions?

Whats the pathological damage?

A

Misfolded proteins

  • from alpha helix to beta pleated sheets, resisting digestion and causing spongiform change;
  • accumulates as amyloid

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) for humans

w the ability to transmit misfolded shape to other proteins
- leading to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

21
Q

How is prion disease transmitted

A

Genetically
- Familial
Transplanted stuff; Food digestion

  • can be Sporadic too
22
Q

How does CJD present

A 
Dementia
Myoclonus
Personality change
Vision
DEaTh
23
Q

Prion disease histology

A

Spongiform transformation

Amyloid deposits

24
Q

CNS Malformations 3 classifications

A

Neural Tube Defects
Forebrain abnormalities
Posterior fossa abnormalities

25
Q

What are neural tube defects and name the most common ones and their pathophysiology

A

Brain, Spine, Spinal cord problems

Anterior neural pore closure

  • Anencephaly
    • brain and skull parts MISSING

Posterior neural pore closure
- Spinal bifida from folate deficiency - B9

– PS: Pyridoxine is B6

26
Q

A meningocele is a birth defect where there is a sac protruding from the spinal column. - WITHOUT the nerves inside

Myelomeningocele is a severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and nerves develop outside of the body and are contained in a fluid-filled sac that is visible outside of the back area.

A

okie!

27
Q

Name a posterior fossa malformation

and Cx

A

Arnold Chiari Malformation
- type II always associated w Myelomeningocele

  • Posterior fossa (skull bone) small - non-communicating Hydrocele, push cerebellum into upper spinal canal
  • Hernia
    • cerebellum displaced through foramen magnum
    • tonsillar herniation AKA CONING

CNS (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions