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PSYC270 > CNS Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

CNS Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Structures in the Hindbrain

A

Pons + medulla + Cerebellum

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2
Q

Medulla

A

Part of Hindbrain
Where the 12 cranial nerves originate
Controls vital reflexes

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3
Q

Pons

A

Part of Hindbrain

Axons from each half of the brain cross to opposite side of spinal cord

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Part of Hindbrain

Movement control + balance

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5
Q

Parts of the Midbrain

A 
Tectum
Tagmentum
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Substantia nigra
Cerebral peduncle
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6
Q

Tectum

A

Part of midbrain
roof (dorsal of midbrain)
Superior + Inferior colliculus

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7
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Part of midbrain

Vision processing

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8
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Part of midbrain

Hearing processing

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9
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Part of midbrain

Synthesizes dopamine

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10
Q

Parts of the Forebrain

A

Diencephalon

Telencephalon

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

Part of forebrain

Thalamus + Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Telencephalon

A

Part of forebrain

Everything in forebrain other than thalamus + hypothalamus

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13
Q

Limbic System

A 
Part of telencephalon
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Olfactory bulb
Cingulate gyrus
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14
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of limbic system and diencephalon
Homeostasis regulation
Contains mammillary nuclei + posterior pituitary gland+ anterior pituitary gland + Lateral hypothalamus + Ventral medial hypothalamus

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15
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of limbic system

Production fo fear and anger behaviours and fear memories

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16
Q

Thalamus

A

Part of diencephalon
Relay station for all senses except olfaction
Sends output to cortex
Contains lateral geniculate nucleus

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17
Q

Hippocampus

A

Part of limbic system
Memory center – spatial, contextual and episodic memory and navigation
Damage results in retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Contains dentate gyrus + cornu ammonis + subiculum

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18
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Made of the caudate nucleus + putamen + globus pallidus + ventral striatum
Used in voluntary motor functions
Damage impairs movement -> Huntington’s + Parkinson’s

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19
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

Part of basal ganlgia
Important in voluntary movement
Forms dorsal striatum with putamen

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20
Q

Putamen

A

Part of basal ganglia
Input from sensory and motor areas and projects info to globus pallidus
Reinforcement and motor learning
Forms the dorsal striatum with the caudate nucleus

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21
Q

Globus Pallidus

A

Part of basal ganglia

Inhibitory output from basal ganglia -> thalamus

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22
Q

Basal Forebrain

A

Contains nucleus basalis

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23
Q

Pyriform cortex

A

Olfaction, receives input from olfactory bulbs

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24
Q

Cingulate cortex/gyrus

A

Generation of emotional responses

Part of limbic system

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25
Q

Motor cortex

A

Execution of movmemnts

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26
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Part of Frontal lobe

Regulation of cognitive processes – working memory, inhibitory control

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27
Q

Entorhinal cortex

A

Located in medial temporal lobe

Memory system

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28
Q

Anterior commisure

A

Part of olfactory tract crosses here

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29
Q

Name the commisures

A

Corpus callosum, hippocampal commissure, anterior and posterior commissure

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30
Q

Where are the ventricles located

A

Lateral ventricle: One on each side of forebrain
3rd ventricle: located in the midbrain, connects to 4th in center of medulla
4th ventricle: located in the hindbrain

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31
Q

What are fiber tracts

A

Pathways of white matter

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32
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Fiber tract where part of optic nerve crosses here to contralateral hemisphere

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33
Q

Optic Tract

A

Fiber tract where segment of optic nerve that connects chiasm and lateral geniculate nucleus

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34
Q

Olfactory tract

A

Fiber tract where transmission of olfactory information from olfactory bulbs -> primary olfactory cortex

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35
Q

Fornix

A

Fiber tract connecting hippocampus -> Mammillary nuclei + septal nuclei

36
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Part of limbic system

Extracts info from odours and passes on to pyriform cortex

37
Q

Dentate gyrus

A

Part of the hippocampus
Granule (excitatory) and basket (inhibitory) cells
Adult neurogenesis occurs here

38
Q

Ventral striatum/nucelus accumbens

A

Dopaminergic input from ventral tagmental area

Motivation and reward processing

39
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus

A

Part of the thalamus

Input of visual info from retina -> primary visual cortex

40
Q

Mammillary nuclei

A

Part of hypothalamus

Memory formation

41
Q

Posterior pituitary gland

A

Part of hypothalamus
Releases oxytocin + vasopressin
Axons directly project from hypothalamus

42
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A

Part of hypothalamus
Releases hormones than regulate endocrine organs
Connected via blood vessels to hypothalamus

43
Q

Pineal Body

A

Stimulated by darkness to produce melatonin

44
Q

Cerebral peducle

A

Descending fiber pathway to spinal cord

45
Q

Tegmentum

A

Part of midbrain, under tectum

Contains ventral tagmental area

46
Q

Ventral tagmental area

A

Part of tegmentum

Cognition, motivation, reward processing

47
Q

Reticular formation

A

Part of brainstem
Maintain wakefullness and sleep
Contains the raphe nuclei

48
Q

Raphe nuclei

A

Part of reticular formation

Releases serotonin to brain

49
Q

Nucleus Basalis

A

Part of basal forebrain
Axons release acetylcholine -> cortex
Arousal + wakefullness + attention

50
Q

Cornu ammonis

A

Part of hippocampus

Pyramidal cells

51
Q

Subiculum

A

Part of hippocampus

Pyramidal cells

52
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing – local orientation + spacial-frequency + color properties
Contains primary visual cortex

53
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Located in occipital lobe

Damage results in cortical blindness in related visual field

54
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Manipulation of objects + bodily sensations
Bordered by central sulcus + lateral fissure + occipital lobe
Contains post central gyrus

55
Q

Post central gyrus

A

Input from touch + muscle-stretch + joint receptors

56
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Speech + language functions
Episodic memory
Object + face recognition

57
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Higher order cognitions

Contains Precentral gyrus + prefrontal lobe

58
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Located in the frontal lobe

Fine motor control

59
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Largest commisure

60
Q

Hippocampal commissure

A

Part of fornix crosses here

61
Q

Anterior commissure

A

Part of olfactory tract crosses here

62
Q

Posterior commissure

A

Fibers originate from thalamic nuclei

63
Q

Cerebral peduncle

A

Part of midbrain

Descending fibers into spinal cord

64
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

Promotes hunger

65
Q

Ventral medial hypothalamus

A

Promotes satiety

66
Q

Where is the tectum located?

67
Q

Where is the precentral gyrus located?

A

Frontal lobe

68
Q

Where is the subiculum located?

A

Hippocampus

69
Q

Where is the raphe nuclei located?

A

Reticular formation

70
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus located?

A

Parietal Lobe

71
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Occipital Lobe

72
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located?

73
Q

Where is the dentate nucleus located?

A

Hippocampus

74
Q

Where is the lateral geniculate nucleus located?

75
Q

Where is the posterior pituitary gland located?

A

Hypothalamus

76
Q

Where is the inferior colliculus located?

77
Q

Where is the mamillary nuclei located?

A

Hypothalamus

78
Q

Where is the cerebral peduncle located?

79
Q

Where is the nucleus basalis located?

A

Basal Forebrain

80
Q

Where is the cornu ammonis located?

A

Hippocampus

81
Q

Where is the ventral striatum located?

A

Basal ganglia

82
Q

Where is the tegmentum located?

83
Q

Where is the globus pallidus located?

A

Basal ganglia

84
Q

Where is the entorhinal cortex located?

A

Medial temporal lobe

85
Q

Where is the putamen located?

A

Basal ganglia

86
Q

Where is the cingulate gyrus located?

A

Limbic system

87
Q

Where is the caudate nucleus located?

A

Basal ganglia

PSYC270 (6 decks)

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